Update on models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction.
Update on models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction.
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DOI：
10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70822-3
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发表时间：
2009-12
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Wichmann, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeLong, Mahlon;Wichmann, Thomas
随着时间的推移，基底神经节功能和功能障碍的电路模型发生了显着变化。以前认为基底神经节是皮层信息大量汇聚的中心的观点，现在已经被一种观点所取代，即这些结构以高度特异性的方式处理信息，参与也涉及皮层和丘脑的解剖和功能模块。此外，人们对基底神经节的内在联系也有了很多了解。虽然基底神经节-丘脑皮质回路最初几乎只被认为与运动控制有关，但这些结构现在被认为是更高层次行为控制所必需的，例如在习惯学习或动作选择的调节中。这些模型的最大好处可能是它们激发了大量对基底神经节起源的运动障碍（如帕金森病）的病理生理学的研究。这些研究反过来又有助于重塑现有的电路模型。在本文中，我们回顾了这些迷人的变化，我们欣赏的基底神经节电路，并评论我们在这一领域的知识的现状。
Circuit models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction have undergone significant changes over time. The previous view that the basal ganglia are centers in which massive convergence of cortical information occurred has now been replaced by a view in which these structures process information in a highly specific manner, participating in anatomical and functional modules that also involve cortex and thalamus. In addition, much has been learned about the intrinsic connections of the basal ganglia. While the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry was originally seen almost exclusively in its relationship to the control of movement, these structures are now viewed as essential for higher level behavioral control, for instance in the regulation of habit learning or action selection. Probably the greatest benefit of these models has been that they have motivated a wealth of studies of the pathophysiology of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin, such as Parkinson’s disease. Such studies, in turn, have helped to reshape the existing circuit models. In this paper we review these fascinating changes of our appreciation of the basal ganglia circuitry, and comment on the current state of our knowledge in this field.