The functional architecture of axonal actin
The functional architecture of axonal actin
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mcn.2018.05.003
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Leterrier, Christophe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Papandreou, Marie-Jeanne;Leterrier, Christophe
细胞骨架构建并支持神经元的复杂结构。它协调轴突的规格，生长和区室化：轴突起始段，轴突轴，突触前。然后，细胞骨架必须在宿主的整个生命周期中保持这种复杂的结构，但也要驱动其适应新的网络需求和不断变化的生理条件。轴突内的微管在电子显微镜下很容易观察到，而轴突肌动蛋白的研究长期以来一直集中在轴突的动态结构，如生长锥。超分辨率显微镜和活细胞成像最近揭示了成熟轴突中新的基于肌动蛋白的结构：环，热点和踪迹。这引起了人们对轴突肌动蛋白的新兴趣，人们正在努力了解这些组件的精确组织和细胞功能。肌动蛋白也存在于突触前，在那里它的安排仍然不明确，其功能激烈的争论。在这里，我们回顾了轴突肌动蛋白的组织，集中在最近的进展和当前的问题，在这个充满活力的领域。
The cytoskeleton builds and supports the complex architecture of neurons. It orchestrates the specification, growth, and compartmentation of the axon: axon initial segment, axonal shaft, presynapses. The cytoskeleton must then maintain this intricate architecture for the whole life of its host, but also drive its adaptation to new network demands and changing physiological conditions. Microtubules are readily visible inside axon shafts by electron microscopy, whereas axonal actin study has long been focused on dynamic structures of the axon such as growth cones. Super-resolution microscopy and live-cell imaging have recently revealed new actin-based structures in mature axons: rings, hotspots and trails. This has caused renewed interest for axonal actin, with efforts underway to understand the precise organization and cellular functions of these assemblies. Actin is also present in presynapses, where its arrangement is still poorly defined, and its functions vigorously debated. Here we review the organization of axonal actin, focusing on recent advances and current questions in this rejuvenated field.