Pathology of emesis: its autonomic basis.
Pathology of emesis: its autonomic basis.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-53491-0.00027-4
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hasler, William L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hasler, William L
迷走神经和非迷走神经通路以及几个脑干核团参与对不同呕吐刺激的反应。与恶心相关的自主神经通路尚不清楚。许多伴有明显恶心和呕吐的胃肠道疾病，包括胃轻瘫、周期性呕吐综合征和运动病，都与自主神经系统功能障碍有关。自主神经紊乱也见于非胃肠道疾病，如偏头痛、直立性不耐受和家族性自主神经功能障碍。催吐通路的刺激涉及一系列受体亚型的激活。作用于这些受体的药剂形成止吐疗法的基础。化疗引起的恶心和呕吐是抗癌治疗的普遍和严重后果，在许多情况下可通过作用于自主神经系统的药物预防。同样，非药物治疗可以部分地通过调节这些相同的自主通路中的一些来起作用。
Vagal and non-vagal pathways as well as several brainstem nuclei participate in vomiting in response to different emetic stimuli. Autonomic pathways involved in nausea are less well understood. Numerous gastrointestinal disorders with prominent nausea and vomiting including gastroparesis, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and motion sickness have associated autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Autonomic disturbances are also seen with non-gastrointestinal diseases with gut manifestations such as migraine headaches, orthostatic intolerance, and familial dysautonomia. Stimulation of emetic pathways involves activation of a range of receptor subtypes. Agents acting on these receptors form the basis for antiemetic therapies. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, a prevalent and severe consequence of anticancer treatment, is preventable in many instances by agents acting on the autonomic nervous system. Likewise, non-medication therapies may act in part via modulation of some of these same autonomic pathways.