n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1505s
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Calder, Philip C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Calder, Philip C.
炎症是宿主对感染和损伤的正常反应的一部分。然而，过度或不适当的炎症会导致一系列急性和慢性人类疾病，其特征在于产生炎性细胞因子、花生四烯酸衍生的类二十烷酸（类花生四烯酸、血栓烷、白三烯和其他氧化衍生物）、其他炎性因子（例如活性氧）和粘附分子。在足够高的摄入量下，在油性鱼和鱼油中发现的长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）可减少炎症性类花生酸、细胞因子和活性氧的产生以及粘附分子的表达。长链n-3 PUFA可直接（例如，通过取代花生四烯酸作为类花生酸底物并抑制花生四烯酸代谢）和间接（例如，通过影响转录因子活化来改变炎性基因的表达）发挥作用。长链n-3 PUFA还产生一个称为消退素的β-介体家族。因此，n-3 PUFA是潜在的强效抗炎剂。因此，它们可以在各种急性和慢性炎症环境中具有治疗用途。在某些情况下（如类风湿性关节炎），其临床疗效的证据相当强，但在其他情况下（如炎症性肠病和哮喘）则较弱。需要更多、更好设计和更大规模的试验来评估长链n-3 PUFA在炎症性疾病中的治疗潜力。前体n-3 PUFA α-亚麻酸在可达到的摄入量下似乎不会产生抑制作用。
Inflammation is part of the normal host response to infection and injury. However, excessive or inappropriate inflammation contributes to a range of acute and chronic human diseases and is characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines, arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, and other oxidized derivatives), other inflammatory agents (eg, reactive oxygen species), and adhesion molecules. At sufficiently high intakes, long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as found in oily fish and fish oils, decrease the production of inflammatory eicosanoids, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species and the expression of adhesion molecules. Long-chain n-3 PUFAs act both directly (eg, by replacing arachidonic acid as an eicosanoid substrate and inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism) and indirectly (eg, by altering the expression of inflammatory genes through effects on transcription factor activation). Long-chain n-3 PUFAs also give rise to a family of antiinflammatory mediators termed resolvins. Thus, n-3 PUFAs are potentially potent anti inflammatory agents. As such, they may be of therapeutic use in a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory settings. Evidence of their clinical efficacy is reasonably strong in some settings (eg, in rheumatoid arthritis) but is weak in others (eg, in inflammatory bowel diseases and asthma). More, better designed, and larger trials are required to assess the therapeutic potential of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in inflammatory diseases. The precursor n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid does not appear to exert antiinflammatory effects at achievable intakes.