Noise Induced Hearing Loss
Noise Induced Hearing Loss
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DOI：
10.32388/jcqocw
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Stephen Broomfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stephen Broomfield
听力损失是职业病之一。噪声的职业环境是工业部门的影响，这是听力损失最常见的原因之一。在世界范围内，16%的成年人听力损失是由噪声职业环境引起的。美国国家卫生研究所报告说，大约15%的20岁至69岁的美国人患有与职业有关的听力损失。噪声性听力损失（Noise-induced hearing loss，NIHL）是指在工作场所长期、持续地暴露于噪声环境中而引起的听力障碍。NIHL是感音神经性耳聋的一种，常发生在双耳，影响NIHL的因素有噪声暴露强度、持续时间、噪声频率、年龄和性别。听力损失的治疗必须从预防到康复的全过程进行。如果工人患有永久性耳蜗-感觉神经性聋，且不能通过药物和手术治愈，则其预后不佳。因此，预防非常重要。(JKS 2013; 1：45-49）
Hearing loss is one of the occupational diseases. A noisy occupational environment is an effect of industrial sector, which is one of the most common cause of hearing loss. In the world, 16% of hearing loss in adults is caused by noisy occupational environment. The National Institute of Health reported that approximately 15% of Americans between the ages of 20 and 69 are suffering from hearing loss which relate to occupation. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a hearing disorder which caused by a long period and continuous exposure to noise at work. NIHL is one kind of sensoryneural deafness and usually happens in both ears.Factors that influenceNIHL are the intensity and duration of noise exposure, noise frequency, age and sex. The treatment of hearing loss must be done comprehensively, which started from the preventiveto the rehabilitative stage. If a worker suffers from permanent cochlear-sensoryneural deafness and can not be cured by medication and surgery, so its prognosis is not good. Therefore, the prevention is very important. (JKS 2013; 1: 45-49)