Acoustic and behavioural changes by fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in response to shipping and airgun noise
Acoustic and behavioural changes by fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in response to shipping and airgun noise
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.021
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Lammers, Marc O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castellote, Manuel;Clark, Christopher W.;Lammers, Marc O.
水下噪音对海洋哺乳动物的非致命行为影响很难测量。在这里，我们报告了长须鲸响应两种不同类型的人为噪音（运输噪音和气枪噪音）的声音和行为变化。对在地中海和东北大西洋记录的长须鲸 20 Hz 歌曲音符的声学特征进行了比较，这些区域具有不同的航运噪声水平、直布罗陀海峡的不同交通强度以及地震气枪阵列调查期间。在高噪声条件下，20 Hz 音符持续时间缩短、带宽降低、中心频率降低且峰值频率降低。在为期 10 天的地震勘测期间录制的 20 Hz 歌曲音符中也获得了类似的结果。在调查的前 72 小时内，歌曲接收水平和歌手方位的稳定下降表明鲸鱼远离了气枪阵列源并移出我们的检测区域，并且这种位移持续的时间远远超出了地震气枪活动的 10 天持续时间。这项研究提供的证据表明，来自两个不同亚群的雄性长须鲸在背景噪音增加的条件下会改变鸣叫特征，并且在地震气枪活动条件下，它们会长时间离开某个区域。我们假设长须鲸的声学通信被修改以补偿增加的背景噪声，并且敏化过程可能在观察到的暂时位移中发挥作用。在繁殖成功和种群生存的背景下讨论了观察到的这种濒危物种的声音和行为变化。 (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Non-lethal behavioural effects of underwater noise in marine mammals are difficult to measure. Here we report acoustic and behavioural changes by fin whales in response to two different types of anthropogenic noise: shipping and airgun noise. Acoustic features of fin whale 20-Hz song notes recorded in the Mediterranean Sea and Northeast Atlantic Ocean were compared for areas with different shipping noise levels, different traffic intensities in the Strait of Gibraltar and during a seismic airgun array survey. In high noise conditions 20-Hz note duration shortened, bandwidth decreased, centre frequency decreased and peak frequency decreased. Similar results were obtained in 20-Hz song notes recorded during a 10-day seismic survey. During the first 72 h of the survey, a steady decrease in song received levels and bearings to singers indicated that whales moved away from the airgun array source and out of our detection area, and this displacement persisted for a time period well beyond the 10-day duration of seismic airgun activity. This study provides evidence that male fin whales from two different subpopulations modify song characteristics under increased background noise conditions, and that under seismic airgun activity conditions they leave an area for an extended period. We hypothesize that fin whale acoustic communication is modified to compensate for increased background noise and that a sensitization process may play a role in the observed temporary displacement. The observed acoustic and behavioural changes of this endangered species are discussed in the context of reproduction success and population survival. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.