A taxonomy of privacy
A taxonomy of privacy
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DOI：
10.2307/40041279
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Solove, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Solove, DJ
隐私是一个混乱的概念。没人能说清楚这是什么意思。正如一位评论员所观察到的，隐私遭受了“意义上的尴尬”。隐私是一个过于模糊的概念，无法指导裁决和立法，因为“隐私”重要性的抽象咒语在与更具体的反补贴利益相抗衡时表现不佳。1960年，著名的侵权学者威廉·普罗塞（William Prosser）试图通过识别四种不同的利益来理解隐私法的格局。但是普罗塞只关注了侵权法，而信息隐私的法律范围要广泛得多，复杂得多，延伸到第四修正案、信息隐私权的宪法权利、证据特权、数十项联邦隐私法规和数百项州法规。此外，普罗塞在40多年前写道，新技术已经带来了一系列新的隐私危害。因此，迫切需要一种新的分类方法来理解侵犯隐私的行为。本文开发了一种分类法，以全面和具体的方式识别隐私问题。它努力引导法律对隐私有更连贯的理解，并作为隐私法领域未来发展的框架。
Privacy is a concept in disarray. Nobody can articulate what it means. As one commentator has observed, privacy suffers from "an embarrassment of meanings." Privacy is far too vague a concept to guide adjudication and lawmaking, as abstract incantations of the importance of "privacy" do not fare well when pitted against more concretely stated countervailing interests.In 1960, the famous torts scholar William Prosser attempted to make sense of the landscape of privacy law by identifying four different interests. But Prosser focused only on tort law, and the law of information privacy is significantly more vast and complex, extending to Fourth Amendment law, the constitutional right to information privacy, evidentiary privileges, dozens of federal privacy statutes, and hundreds of state statutes. Moreover, Prosser wrote over 40 years ago, and new technologies have given rise to a Panoply of new Privacy harms.A new taxonomy to understand privacy violations is thus sorely needed. This Article develops a taxonomy to identify privacy problems in a comprehensive and concrete manner. It endeavors to guide the law toward a more coherent understanding of privacy and to serve as a framework for the future development of the field of privacy law.