Use of Life Cycle Assessments To Evaluate the Environmental Footprint of Contaminated Sediment Remediation
Use of Life Cycle Assessments To Evaluate the Environmental Footprint of Contaminated Sediment Remediation
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DOI：
10.1021/es103925u
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发表时间：
2011-05-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Linkov, Igor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sparrevik, Magnus;Saloranta, Tuomo;Linkov, Igor
生态和人类风险往往是选择污染沉积物补救替代办法的驱动力。传统的人类和生态风险评估包括评估与补救前后接触受污染沉积物有关的底栖生物和水生动物的风险以及人类接触风险，但不考虑与实施补救替代品有关的环境足迹。评估整个生命周期的环境影响（即，生命周期评估）可以补充HERA，并有助于选择最适当的沉积物管理替代方案。尽管生命周期评价已在多个环境管理案例中得到发展和应用，但对受污染沉积物和海洋生态系统的应用一般不太频繁。本文应用生命周期评价方法对挪威格林兰峡湾多氯二苯并二恶英和呋喃污染的案例进行了研究。LCA被应用于调查不同的主动和被动的薄层覆盖替代品相比，自然恢复的环境足迹。结果表明，当分析仅限于与场地污染有关的影响时，加盖优于自然恢复。在实施薄层覆盖过程中纳入与资源和能源使用有关的影响，会使环境足迹增加一个数量级以上，使覆盖劣于自然恢复替代方案。使用生物质衍生的活性炭，在生产过程中将二氧化碳隔离，将总体环境影响减少到自然恢复的程度。从这项研究的结果表明，LCA可能是一个有价值的工具，用于评估沉积物修复项目的环境足迹和可持续的沉积物管理。
Ecological and human risks often drive the selection of remedial alternatives for contaminated sediments. Traditional human and ecological risk assessment (HERA) includes assessing risk for benthic organisms and aquatic fauna associated with exposure to contaminated sediments before and after remediation as well as risk for human exposure but does not consider the environmental footprint associated with implementing remedial alternatives. Assessment of environmental effects over the whole life cycle (i.e., Life Cycle Assessment, LCA) could complement HERA and help in selecting the most appropriate sediment management alternative. Even though LCA has been developed and applied in multiple environmental management cases, applications to contaminated sediments and marine ecosystems are in general less frequent. This paper implements LCA methodology for the case of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/F)-contaminated Grenland fiord in Norway. LCA was applied to investigate the environmental footprint of different active and passive thin-layer capping alternatives as compared to natural recovery. The results showed that capping was preferable to natural recovery when analysis is limited to effects related to the site contamination. Incorporation of impacts related to the use of resources and energy during the implementation of a thin layer cap increase the environmental footprint by over 1 order of magnitude, making capping inferior to the natural recovery alternative. Use of biomass-derived activated carbon, where carbon dioxide is sequestered during the production process, reduces the overall environmental impact to that of natural recovery. The results from this study show that LCA may be a valuable tool for assessing the environmental footprint of sediment remediation projects and for sustainable sediment management.