Agroforestry creates carbon sinks whilst enhancing the environment in agricultural landscapes in Europe
Agroforestry creates carbon sinks whilst enhancing the environment in agricultural landscapes in Europe
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.02.025
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Herzog, Felix
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kay, Sonja;Rega, Carlo;Herzog, Felix
与传统农业相比，农林复合经营大大有助于固碳，增加了一系列调节生态系统的服务，并增强了生物多样性。使用跨学科的方法，我们结合科学和技术知识，以评估在欧洲农田生态系统服务方面的九个环境压力，并评估了区域专家提出的合适的农林复合系统的碳储存潜力。首先，确定了在土壤健康（水和风造成的土壤侵蚀、土壤有机碳含量低）、水质（硝酸盐造成的水污染、灌溉造成的盐碱化）、受气候变化影响的地区（气温上升）和生物多样性供应不足（授粉和虫害控制压力、土壤生物多样性丧失）等方面具有潜在环境压力的地区。这些地图被叠加起来，以确定几个压力积聚的区域。总的来说，94.4%的农田受到至少一种环境压力的影响，牧场受到的影响小于耕地。区域热点位于法国西北部、丹麦、西班牙中部、意大利北部和西南部、希腊和罗马尼亚东部。累积压力最大的10%的地区被确定为优先地区，在这些地区实施农林业可能特别有效。第二步，欧洲农林专家被要求提出适合于他们熟悉的优先领域的农林做法，并确定了64种不同的系统，涵盖广泛的做法。这些范围从田边的树篱到快速生长的矮林或分散的单树系统。第三，对于每个拟议的系统，根据文献数据评估了碳储存潜力，并将结果扩大到优先领域。正如所预期的那样，鉴于所确定的农林业做法范围广泛，固碳潜力在0.09至7.29吨C公顷（-1）a（-1）之间。在优先地区实施农林业可导致210万至6390万吨二氧化碳当量a（-1）（778万至2.3485亿吨二氧化碳当量a（-1））的固碳，这取决于农林业的类型。这相当于欧洲农业温室气体（GHG）排放量的1.4%至43.4%。此外，在优先领域促进农林业将有助于减轻那里确定的环境压力。我们的结论是，战略和空间目标的建立农林系统可以提供一种有效的手段，满足欧盟的政策目标，温室气体排放，同时提供了一系列其他重要的好处。
Agroforestry, relative to conventional agriculture, contributes significantly to carbon sequestration, increases a range of regulating ecosystem services, and enhances biodiversity. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we combined scientific and technical knowledge to evaluate nine environmental pressures in terms of ecosystem services in European farmland and assessed the carbon storage potential of suitable agroforestry systems, proposed by regional experts. First, regions with potential environmental pressures were identified with respect to soil health (soil erosion by water and wind, low soil organic carbon), water quality (water pollution by nitrates, salinization by irrigation), areas affected by climate change (rising temperature), and by underprovision in biodiversity (pollination and pest control pressures, loss of soil biodiversity). The maps were overlaid to identify areas where several pressures accumulate. In total, 94.4% of farmlands suffer from at least one environmental pressure, pastures being less affected than arable lands. Regional hotspots were located in north-western France, Denmark, Central Spain, north and south-western Italy, Greece, and eastern Romania. The 10% of the area with the highest number of accumulated pressures were defined as Priority Areas, where the implementation of agroforestry could be particularly effective. In a second step, European agroforestry experts were asked to propose agroforestry practices suitable for the Priority Areas they were familiar with, and identified 64 different systems covering a wide range of practices. These ranged from hedgerows on field boundaries to fast growing coppices or scattered single tree systems. Third, for each proposed system, the carbon storage potential was assessed based on data from the literature and the results were scaled-up to the Priority Areas. As expected, given the wide range of agroforestry practices identified, the carbon sequestration potentials ranged between 0.09 and 7.29 t C ha(-1) a(-1). Implementing agroforestry on the Priority Areas could lead to a sequestration of 2.1 to 63.9 million t C a(-1)(7.78 and 234.85 million t CO2eq a(-1)) depending on the type of agroforestry. This corresponds to between 1.4 and 43.4% of European agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, promoting agroforestry in the Priority Areas would contribute to mitigate the environmental pressures identified there. We conclude that the strategic and spatially targeted establishment of agroforestry systems could provide an effective means of meeting EU policy objectives on GHG emissions whilst providing a range of other important benefits.