The three 'B' of fish mercury in China: Bioaccumulation, biodynamics and biotransformation
The three 'B' of fish mercury in China: Bioaccumulation, biodynamics and biotransformation
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中国鱼类汞的三个“B”：生物累积、生物动力学和生物转化
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.034
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Wang Wen Xiong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang Xun;Wang Wen Xiong
汞（Hg）是一种全球性的有毒污染物，几十年来一直引起世界的关注。本文综述了近10年来中国鱼类（包括海水鱼、淡水鱼、野生鱼和养殖鱼）的汞含量及其环境和生物控制因素。中国是全球汞循环的最大贡献者，也是最大的鱼和鱼产品消费和出口国，因此鱼中汞含量成为食品安全和公众健康的关键问题。我国鱼体中汞的富集水平总体较低，但存在明显的地域差异，形成了由北向南的“热点”。就海洋鱼类而言，中国东部（中位数：70 ng g− 1 ww，范围：5.0-330 ng g− 1 ww）和东南部（中位数：72 ng g− 1 ww，范围：0.3-329 ng g− 1 ww）的总汞浓度高于其他沿海地区。就淡水鱼而言，青藏高原的总汞含量最高（中位数：104 ng g− 1湿重，范围：5.0-868 ng g− 1湿重）。低汞水平鱼类对中国人群的风险评估值得更多关注，迫切需要针对特定人群的详细鱼类消费指南。生物动力学模型是一个有用的工具，以表征汞积累的鱼类所涉及的基本过程。食物（汞浓度、形态、食物质量和数量）和生长是影响中国鱼类汞含量的重要因素。汞的生物转化也有助于汞在鱼类体内的形态分布和累积。肠道微生物在汞的生物转化过程中起着重要作用，因此减少鱼类汞污染的潜力值得进一步研究。
Mercury (Hg) is a global toxic pollutant and has raised the world's attention for decades. In this study, we reviewed the fish mercury levels in China (both marine and freshwater, as well as wild and farmed) documented over the past decade and their controlling environmental and biological factors. China is the largest contributor of global Hg cycling and the largest nation for the consumption and export of fish and fish product, thus Hg level in fish becomes a critical issue for food safety and public health. In China, Hg in fish is generally accumulated at a low level, but significant geographical differences were evident and formed the “hot spots” from the north to the south. For marine fish, the east (median: 70 ng g−1ww, range: 5.0–330 ng g−1ww) and southeast (median: 72 ng g−1ww, range: 0.3–329 ng g−1ww) of China have higher total Hg concentrations than the other coastal areas. For freshwater fish, Tibetan Plateau exhibited the highest total Hg levels (median: 104 ng g−1ww, range: 5.0–868 ng g−1ww). Risk assessment of the exposure of low-Hg-level fish to China's population deserves more attention and detailed fish consumption advisories to specific populations are urgently needed. The biokinetic model is a useful tool to characterize the underlying processes involved in Hg accumulation by fish. The diet (Hg concentration, speciation, food quality and quantity) and growth appear to be the important factors affecting the Hg levels of fish in China. The Hg biotransformation can also make contributions to Hg speciation and overall accumulation in fish. The intestinal microbes play an important role in Hg biotransformation and the potential for minimizing Hg contamination in fish deserves further investigation.