Characterizations and Portrayals of Intuition in Decision-Making: A Systematic Review of Management Literature to Inform Engineering Education
Characterizations and Portrayals of Intuition in Decision-Making: A Systematic Review of Management Literature to Inform Engineering Education
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决策中直觉的特征和描述：对管理文献的系统回顾以指导工程教育
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发表时间：
2018
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通讯作者：
Anne B. Abell
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作者：
E. Dringenberg;Anne B. Abell
工程师的决定推动了我们这个不断变化的世界的设计。工程师设计什么，他们如何设计，以及他们在设计过程中包括谁，都涉及决策。这些决定是如何做出的，最终会影响我们的生活质量。在做决策时，人们(因此也包括工程师！)至少使用三种不同的推理形式：理性、直觉和情绪化。目前的工程教育强调理性的决策方法。以用户为中心的设计体验可以让学生认识到在整个设计过程中培养对用户的同理心的重要性，这可以鼓励情绪化推理策略。然而，在本科生的工程学形成过程中，学生对直觉推理的接触是有限的，直觉推理在所有决策中都起着作用。为了努力为我们如何在工程教育的背景下操作直觉提供一个基线，我们目前的研究目的是综合直觉推理的特征和描述。我们专注于管理领域的文献，因为直觉是在复杂的战略决策的背景下考虑的，这些决策反映了以工程为中心的设计决策。本研究涉及的具体研究问题是：1)现有的管理文献如何描述直觉？2)现有的管理文献如何描述直觉的价值？为了回答这些研究问题，研究小组进行了系统的文献综述。这一努力的结果总结了学者们定义和描绘直觉在复杂决策中的作用的方法。基于这一综合，我们建议工程教育者开发创新的教学决策方法，不取消理性方法的教学，而是找到整合直觉推理的方法。我们就如何开始将工程教育转向更现实和更具包容性的教学决策方式提供了简短的建议。引言与背景工程师的决策推动着我们这个不断变化的世界的设计。工程师设计什么，他们如何设计，以及他们在设计过程中包括哪些人，都涉及决策。这些决定是如何做出的，最终会影响我们整个社会的生活质量。二十多年前，Nair(Dane&Pratt，2007)明确呼吁工程教育利用教学方法，将工科学生的形成视为社会的关键决策者，而不是严格关注他们的技术或分析技能的发展。众所周知，现实世界的工程问题是结构不良的，涉及到许多非工程约束和成功标准的决策(Jonassen，2000；Jonassen，Strobel，&Lee，2006)。工程问题的复杂性要求使用多种形式的推理，包括直觉，以有效地解决
Engineers’ decisions drive the of design our ever-changing world. What engineers design, how they design, and who they include in the design process all involves decision-making. How those decisions are made ultimately impacts our quality of life. When making decisions, people (and therefore engineers!) utilize at least three distinct forms of reasoning: rational, intuitive, and emotive. Engineering education currently emphasizes rational approaches to decisionmaking. User-centered design experiences can expose students to the importance of developing empathy for the user throughout the design process, which can encourage emotive reasoning strategies. However, students’ exposure to intuitive reasoning, which plays a role in all decisionmaking, is limited during their undergraduate engineering formation. In an effort to generate a baseline for how we can operationalize intuition in the context of engineering education, the purpose of our current research was to synthesize characterizations and portrayals of intuitive reasoning. We focused on literature from the field of management because intuition is considered in the context of complex, strategic decisions, which are reflective of the design decisions central to engineering. The specific research questions addressed in this study are 1) how does extant management literature characterize intuition?, and 2) how does extant management literature portray the value of intuition? To answer these research questions, the research team conducted a systematic literature review. The results of this effort provide a summary of the ways in which scholars have defined and portrayed the role of intuition with respect to complex decision-making. Based on this synthesis, we recommend that engineering educators develop innovative ways of teaching decision-making that does not remove the teaching of rational methods, but finds way to integrate intuitive reasoning. We provide brief recommendations for how we might begin to shift engineering education towards more realistic and inclusive ways of teaching decision-making. Introduction & Background Engineers’ decisions drive the design of our ever-changing world. What engineers design, how they design, and who they include in the design process all involve decision-making. How those decisions are made ultimately impact our quality of life as a society. Over twenty years ago, Nair (Dane & Pratt, 2007) explicitly called for engineering education to utilize teaching approaches that consider the formation of engineering students as key decision makers in society rather than approaches with a strict focus on the development of their technical or analytical skills. It is well-established that real-world engineering problems are ill-structured and involve decisions with respect to many non-engineering constraints and standards for success (Jonassen, 2000; Jonassen, Strobel, & Lee, 2006). Inherent to the complex nature of engineering problems is the requirement to utilize multiple forms of reasoning, including intuition, to effectively solve