A perspective on the microscopic pressure (stress) tensor: History, current understanding, and future challenges.
A perspective on the microscopic pressure (stress) tensor: History, current understanding, and future challenges.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1063/5.0132487
复制
发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kaihang Shi;E. Smith;E. Santiso;K. Gubbins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaihang Shi;E. Smith;E. Santiso;K. Gubbins
在微观和宏观水平上的压力张量(相当于负应力张量)是工程和科学的许多方面的基础，包括流体力学、固体力学、生物物理和热力学。在这一视角下，我们回顾了计算微观压力张量的方法。建立了平衡系统和非平衡系统不同压力形式之间的联系。我们还指出了该领域的几个挑战，包括关于微观压力张量定义的历史争议；多体和长程势的困难；软件和计算工具的不足；以及缺乏在纳米尺度上探索压力张量的实验路线。对未来可能的发展方向提出了建议。
The pressure tensor (equivalent to the negative stress tensor) at both microscopic and macroscopic levels is fundamental to many aspects of engineering and science, including fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, biophysics, and thermodynamics. In this Perspective, we review methods to calculate the microscopic pressure tensor. Connections between different pressure forms for equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems are established. We also point out several challenges in the field, including the historical controversies over the definition of the microscopic pressure tensor; the difficulties with many-body and long-range potentials; the insufficiency of software and computational tools; and the lack of experimental routes to probe the pressure tensor at the nanoscale. Possible future directions are suggested.