Four decades of opposing natural and human-induced artificial selection acting on Windermere pike (Esox lucius)
Four decades of opposing natural and human-induced artificial selection acting on Windermere pike (Esox lucius)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01046.x
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Stenseth, Nils Chr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlson, Stephanie M.;Edeline, Eric;Stenseth, Nils Chr
自达尔文以来，自然选择推动局部适应的能力一直受到重视。人类的影响是否会阻碍适应过程受到的关注较少。我们通过量化40年来对淡水鱼(梭子鱼)的自然选择和收获选择的作用来检验这一假设。在整个时间序列中，定向自然选择倾向于有利于大个子个体，而渔业则以大个子个体为目标。此外，非线性自然选择倾向于有利于中等体型的鱼，而渔业以中等体型的鱼为目标，因为最小和最大的个体往往没有被捕获。因此，我们的结果明确地表明，在这个自然系统中，自然选择和渔业选择经常起相反的作用。此外，这两个选择因素结合在一起，与单独作用的自然选择相比，总体上产生了更低的适应度和更强的稳定性选择。人类对适应性景观的这种改变的长期影响目前尚不清楚，当然值得进一步研究。
The ability of natural selection to drive local adaptation has been appreciated ever since Darwin. Whether human impacts can impede the adaptive process has received less attention. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying natural selection and harvest selection acting on a freshwater fish (pike) over four decades. Across the time series, directional natural selection tended to favour large individuals whereas the fishery targeted large individuals. Moreover, non-linear natural selection tended to favour intermediate sized fish whereas the fishery targeted intermediate sized fish because the smallest and largest individuals were often not captured. Thus, our results unequivocally demonstrate that natural selection and fishery selection often acted in opposite directions within this natural system. Moreover, the two selective factors combined to produce reduced fitness overall and stronger stabilizing selection relative to natural selection acting alone. The long-term ramifications of such human-induced modifications to adaptive landscapes are currently unknown and certainly warrant further investigation.