NONPARAMETRIC METHODS - CLINICAL-APPLICATIONS
NONPARAMETRIC METHODS - CLINICAL-APPLICATIONS
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DOI：
10.1177/000992288502400905
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
HAYDEN, GF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BROWN, GW;HAYDEN, GF
在临床研究中，研究“样本”是为了了解样本所来自的更大人群的特征。总体特征被称为参数（总体均值和标准差是示例）。参数统计方法是那些需要估计参数和对源总体进行假设的方法。参数方法的常见例子有t检验、方差分析和皮尔逊相关系数。非参数（NP）方法不需要估计总体参数。这些方法有时被称为“无分布”，因为可以评估感兴趣的样本，而无需考虑提供样本的总体中的值的形状（分布）。NP方法也被称为“排序”或“排序”检验，因为可以评估观察结果的相对大小或顺序，而不需要实际测量。在1982年7月至1983年6月期间发表在四种儿科期刊上的研究报告中，超过30%采用了至少一种非参数方法。常用的检验有卡方检验、Fisher精确检验和各种“排序”方法。按字母顺序列出了常用的非参数检验，并对每种检验作了简要的评论。表格按观察类型排列，以便数据的性质指导用户使用可能使用的方法。
In clinical research, "samples" are studied in order to get ideas about the characteristics of the larger populations from which the samples are taken. Population characteristics are called parameters (the population mean and standard deviation are examples). Parametric statistical methods are those that require estimates of parameters and assumptions about the source populations. Familiar examples of parametric methods are the t test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.Nonparametric (NP) methods do not require estimates of population parameters. These methods are sometimes called "distribution-free" because the samples of interest can be evaluated without concern for the shape (distribution) of the values in the populations providing the samples. NP methods also are called "ranking" or "ordering" tests, because the relative size or order of the observations may be evaluated, rather than requiring actual measurements.More than 30% of the research reports that appeared between July 1982 and June 1983, in four pediatric journals, employed at least one nonparametric method. The commonly used tests were chi-square, the Fisher exact test, and various "ranking" methods.An alphabetical list of common nonparametric tests is presented, with brief comments about each. Tables are presented, arranged by types of observations, so that the nature of the data guides the user to the method that might be used.