Opsin is a phospholipid flippase.

Opsin is a phospholipid flippase.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2010.12.031
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发表时间:
2011-01-25
期刊:
影响因子:
9.2
通讯作者:
Menon, Anant K.
Menon, Anant K.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Menon, Indu;Huber, Thomas;Sanyal, Sumana;Banerjee, Sourabh;Barre, Patrick;Canis, Sam;Warren, J. David;Hwa, John;Sakmar, Thomas P.;Menon, Anant K.

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Polar lipids must flip-flop rapidly across biological membranes to sustain cellular life, but flipping is energetically costly and it’s intrinsic rate is low. To overcome this problem, cells have membrane proteins that function as lipid transporters (flippases) to accelerate flipping to a physiologically relevant rate. Flippases that operate at the plasma membrane of eukaryotes, coupling ATP hydrolysis to unidirectional lipid flipping, have been defined at a molecular level. On the other hand, ATP-independent bidirectional flippases that translocate lipids in biogenic compartments, e.g., the endoplasmic reticulum, and specialized membranes, e.g., photoreceptor discs, have not been identified even though their activity has been recognized for more than 30 years. Here we demonstrate that opsin is the ATP-independent phospholipid flippase of photoreceptor discs. We show that reconstitution of opsin into large unilamellar vesicles promotes rapid (τ <10 sec) flipping of phospholipid probes across the vesicle membrane. This is the first molecular identification of an ATP-independent phospholipid flippase in any system. It reveals an unexpected activity for opsin and, in conjunction with recently available structural information on this G-protein coupled receptor, significantly advances our understanding of the mechanism of ATP-independent lipid flip-flop.
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