Two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not body mass dimorphic jumping spider.
Two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not body mass dimorphic jumping spider.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.8112
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Chen Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li Q;Liu JX;Dong B;Xiao R;Chen Z
自然选择有利于进化出发育和行为反应的动物，这些反应可以缓冲食物限制的负面影响。这些缓冲反应在物种之间和物种内都有所不同。许多研究表明，对环境变化的性别特异性反应，通常在具有性别大小二态性（SSD）的物种中，在弱或无SSD的物种中较少发现，这表明不同性别的大小正在经历不同的选择。然而，以前的研究通常分别调查的发展和行为，和平衡的情况下，男性和女性的性二型物种以同样的方式对食物限制的反应仍然鲜为人知。在这里，我们调查了这在Phintelloides versicolor（跳蛛科），呈现两性异形的颜色和形状，但弱SSD。我们研究了食物限制是否会引起相同的反应，在男性和女性的发展时间，成年人的身体大小和重量，每天分配给觅食，狩猎。我们发现食物限制在两性中引起相似的反应：都表现出较长的发育时间，较小的成年体型和体重，更高的概率留在巢外，并立即注意到猎物，和更高的狩猎成功率。然而，无论食物条件如何，都存在性别差异：雌性发育更快，成年体型更小，留在巢穴外的概率更高，狩猎成功率更高。这表明，对杂色马勃雌雄个体大小的差异选择可能处于一种平衡状态，即雌雄个体对环境约束表现出相同的发育可塑性和行为可塑性。两性对食物限制的反应在两性异形的跳蛛中是一样的，但在体重异形的跳蛛中则不然。
Natural selection favors animals that evolve developmental and behavioral responses that buffer the negative effects of food restrictions. These buffering responses vary both between species and within species. Many studies have shown sex‐specific responses to environmental changes, usually in species with sexual size dimorphism (SSD), less found in species with weak or no SSD, which suggests that sizes of different sexes are experiencing different selections. However, previous studies usually investigated development and behavior separately, and the balanced situation where males and females of sexually dimorphic species respond in the same way to food restriction remains little known. Here, we investigated this in Phintelloides versicolor (Salticidae) that presents sexual dimorphism in color and shape but weak SSD. We examined whether food restriction induced the same responses in males and females in development duration, adult body size and weight, daily time allocated to foraging, and hunting. We found food restriction induced similar responses in both sexes: both exhibited longer development duration, smaller adult body size and weight, higher probability of staying outside nests and noticing prey immediately, and higher hunting success. However, there were sexual differences regardless of food condition: females showed faster development, smaller adult body size, higher probability of staying outside of nests, and higher hunting success. These indicated the differential selection on male and female sizes of P. versicolor could be under a balanced situation, where males and females show equal developmental and behavioral plasticity to environmental constraints. Two sexes respond equally to food restriction in a sexually dimorphic but not the body mass dimorphic jumping spider.
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