Selective loss of polymorphic mating types is associated with rapid phenotypic evolution during morphic speciation
Selective loss of polymorphic mating types is associated with rapid phenotypic evolution during morphic speciation
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0909480107
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发表时间：
2010-03-02
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Sinervo, Barry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corl, Ammon;Davis, Alison R.;Sinervo, Barry
多态性可能在物种形成中起重要作用，因为新物种可能起源于在多态种群中观察到的独特形态。然而，关于进化物种发现新物种的过程，仍有许多有待了解。为了详细说明这种物种形成模式的步骤，我们研究了一种喉咙颜色多态性的地理变异和进化历史，这种多态性区分了侧面斑点蜥蜴Uta stansburiana的“石头剪刀布”交配策略。我们发现这种多态性在地理上是广泛存在的，并且已经维持了数百万年。然而，有许多种群喉咙颜色变化的数量减少。系统发育重建表明，该多态性来自祖先，但它已独立丢失了8次，经常产生形态上不同的亚种/种。多态性的改变可能与选择有关，因为一种特定雄性策略的等位基因，即“运动鞋”型，在所有情况下都丢失了。多态性缺失与雄性、雌性体型和两性二态性的加速进化有关，这表明多态性缺失促进了种群间的快速分化，有助于物种的形成。
Polymorphism may play an important role in speciation because new species could originate from the distinctive morphs observed in polymorphic populations. However, much remains to be understood about the process by which morphs found new species. To detail the steps of this mode of speciation, we studied the geographic variation and evolutionary history of a throat color polymorphism that distinguishes the "rock-paper-scissors" mating strategies of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana. We found that the polymorphism is geographically widespread and has been maintained for millions of years. However, there are many populations with reduced numbers of throat color morphs. Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the polymorphism is ancestral, but it has been independently lost eight times, often giving rise to morphologically distinct subspecies/species. Changes to the polymorphism likely involved selection because the allele for one particular male strategy, the "sneaker" morph, has been lost in all cases. Polymorphism loss was associated with accelerated evolution of male size, female size, and sexual dimorphism, which suggests that polymorphism loss can promote rapid divergence among populations and aid species formation.