NATURAL ENEMIES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON APPLE APHID, APHIS-POMI DEGEER (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE), COLONIES ON YOUNG APPLE-TREES IN CENTRAL WASHINGTON
NATURAL ENEMIES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON APPLE APHID, APHIS-POMI DEGEER (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE), COLONIES ON YOUNG APPLE-TREES IN CENTRAL WASHINGTON
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DOI：
10.1093/ee/13.2.469
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
HOYT, SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CARROLL, DP;HOYT, SC
捕食者 (39) 和 2 种寄生蜂袭击了华盛顿州中北部的苹果蚜 A. pomi DeGeer。进行排除笼实验以确定天敌的有效性。早春的控制依赖于蚜虫寄生蜂，它杀死了波米蚜虫，但未能完成发育。大多数年份，波米蚜与其主要捕食者之间的同步性较差，导致了长达一个月的捕食者间隙，使得蚜虫群体在六月份迅速增长。在此期间，包括 Forficulidae、Nabidae、Lygaeidae 和 Phalangiidae 在内的地面动物捕食者有助于减缓蚜虫数量的增长。成熟树木的顶芽通常在七月出现，大大减少了蚜虫数量，但幼树有时会继续生长，从而导致大量蚜虫数量的增加。它们被大量的瓢虫科、草蛉科、蜉蝣科、食蚜蝇科和瓢虫科捕食，提供了不同效果的控制。有效的苹果蚜天敌的重要来源是桃园、河岸树木和灌木、一些城市观赏植物和杂草。圣人灌木丛和梨园栖息地主要产生无效的苹果蚜天敌。单叶笼中的田间喂养试验用于估计大多数捕食者的喂养率。
Predators (39) and 2 parasitoids attacked apple aphid, A. pomi DeGeer, in northcentral Washington. Exclusiion-cage experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of natural enemies. Early-spring control depended on aphidiid parasitoids which killed but failed to complete development in A. pomi. Poor synchrony between A. pomi and its major predators in most years resulted in a month-long predator gap, allowing rapid aphid colony growth in June. Ground faunal predators including Forficulidae, Nabidae, Lygaeidae and Phalangiidae helped to slow aphid population growth during this period. Terminal bud set usually occurred in July on mature trees, greatly reducing aphid populations, but young trees sometimes continued growing, allowing buildup of large aphid populations. These were preyed upon by large numbers of Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, Miridae, Syrphidae and Chamaemyiidae, which provided control of varying effectiveness. Important sources of effective apple aphid predators were peach orchards, riparian trees and shrubs, some urban ornamental plants, and weeds. Sage-chaparral and pear orchard habitats produced primarily ineffective apple aphid predators. Field feeding trials in single-leaf cages were used to estimate feeding rates of most of the predators.