Reaction norms for age and size at maturity in response to temperature: a test of the compound interest hypothesis
Reaction norms for age and size at maturity in response to temperature: a test of the compound interest hypothesis
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1020271600025
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Fiedler, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fischer, K;Fiedler, K
在外温动物中，温度诱导了类似的身体大小的发育和进化反应，较大的个体在低温环境中发生或进化。根据偶尔发生的相反大小的渐变，显示随着纬度的增加，身体大小的下降，世代时间和生长季节长度之间的相互作用被建议占的模式found.Accordingly，多化性物种与世代时间短，应获得高的复合利益的好处，从早期在高温下繁殖，表明潜在的额外世代，即使是在牺牲较小。这不应适用于强制性一化性种群。我们明确测试的预测，单化性种群（没有复合利益）应选择大的身体尺寸，以最大限度地提高成人健身，因此在成熟时的大小应只弱于温度。在两个monovoltine人口（阿尔卑斯山和德国西部的一个）的蝴蝶灰蝶，温度升高对蛹的重量没有显着的影响，并造成轻微的成年体重下降。相比之下，两个密切相关的，但潜在的多化性灰蝶种群表现出更大的体重减轻，在不断增加的温度（在protandrous男性，但不是在女性）和较小的成人尺寸。因此，结果支持我们的预测表明，复利假说可能会产生因果关系的解释温度和昆虫大小之间的关系在成熟。在所有温度下，高山种群的增长率较高，同时较短的发展时间（不伴随着规模的减少）比其他，大概表明当地适应不同的气候。
In ectotherms, temperature induces similar developmental and evolutionary responses in body size, with larger individuals occurring or evolving in low temperature environments. Based on the occasional occurrence of opposite size clines, showing a decline in body size with increasing latitude, an interaction between generation time and growing season length was suggested to account for the patterns found. Accordingly, multivoltine species with short generation times should gain high compound interest benefits from reproducing early at high temperatures, indicating potential for extra generations, even at the expense of being smaller. This should not apply for obligatorily monovoltine populations. We explicitly test the prediction that monovoltine populations (no compound interest) should be selected for large body size to maximise adult fitness, and therefore size at maturity should respond only weakly to temperature. In two monovoltine populations (an Alpine and a Western German one) of the butterfly Lycaena hippothoe, increasing temperatures had no significant effect on pupal weight and caused a slight decrease in adult weight only. In contrast, two closely related, yet potentially multivoltine Lycaena populations showed a greater weight loss at increasing temperature (in protandrous males, but not in females) and smaller adult sizes throughout. Thus, the results do support our predictions indicating that the compound interest hypothesis may yield causal explanations for the relationship between temperature and insect size at maturity. At all temperatures, the alpine population had higher growth rates and concomitantly shorter development times (not accompanied by a reduction in size) than the other, presumably indicating local adaptations to different climates.