The Curse of Knowledge in Visual Data Communication
The Curse of Knowledge in Visual Data Communication
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DOI：
10.1109/tvcg.2019.2917689
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Cindy Xiong;Lisanne Van Weelden;S. Franconeri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cindy Xiong;Lisanne Van Weelden;S. Franconeri
查看者可以从任何一组可视化数据值中提取许多潜在的模式。但这意味着两个人可以在同一个可视化中看到不同的模式，这可能会导致沟通不畅。在这里，我们表明，当人们准备好看到数据中的一种模式在视觉上显着时，他们相信天真的观众也会体验到相同的视觉显着性。在查看描绘这些数据的图表之前，参与者被告知影响公共民意调查数据的政治事件的多个背景故事之一。考虑到他们听到的背景故事，数据中的一种模式在视觉上对他们来说特别显着。然后，他们预测了天真的观众在可视化中最容易看到的内容。他们受到自己知识的强烈影响，尽管有明确的指示要忽略它，并预测其他人会发现相同的模式在视觉上最显着。这一结果反映了一种被称为知识诅咒的心理现象，即专家努力重建新手的心态。目前的研究结果表明，知识的诅咒也困扰着数据的视觉感知，这解释了为什么人们在传达数据模式时无法与受众建立联系。
A viewer can extract many potential patterns from any set of visualized data values. But that means that two people can see different patterns in the same visualization, potentially leading to miscommunication. Here, we show that when people are primed to see one pattern in the data as visually salient, they believe that naïve viewers will experience the same visual salience. Participants were told one of multiple backstories about political events that affected public polling data, before viewing a graph that depicted those data. One pattern in the data was particularly visually salient to them given the backstory that they heard. They then predicted what naïve viewers would most visually salient on the visualization. They were strongly influenced by their own knowledge, despite explicit instructions to ignore it, predicting that others would find the same patterns to be most visually salient. This result reflects a psychological phenomenon known as the curse of knowledge, where an expert struggles to re-create the state of mind of a novice. The present findings show that the curse of knowledge also plagues the visual perception of data, explaining why people can fail to connect with audiences when they communicate patterns in data.