Hate crime towards minoritized groups increases as they increase in sized-based rank
Hate crime towards minoritized groups increases as they increase in sized-based rank
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DOI：
10.1038/s41562-022-01416-5
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发表时间：
2022-08-08
影响因子：
29.9
通讯作者：
Tabellini, Marco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cikara, Mina;Fouka, Vasiliki;Tabellini, Marco
人们在国家内部和国家之间流动的人数前所未有。人口变化如何影响当地群体间的动态？补充帐户，强调刻板印象特征的群体作为其治疗的决定因素，我们提出了群体参考依赖假说：暴力和消极态度，对每个少数群体将取决于其他少数群体的数量和规模在一个社区。具体而言，随着群体规模的增加或减少（例如，减少到一个社区中最大的少数群体），对他们的歧视行为和态度也应相应改变。我们测试了1990年至2010年美国各县的仇恨犯罪以及过去二十年美国和英国的态度。与这一预测一致，我们发现，随着黑人、西班牙裔/拉丁裔、亚裔和阿拉伯裔人口相对于彼此的排名上升，他们更有可能成为仇恨犯罪和更消极态度的目标。排名效应的存在超出了群体规模/比例、增长率和许多其他解释。该框架预测了人口结构的变化如何影响未来几年的联盟结构，并有助于解释文献中以前的研究结果。我们的研究结果还表明，对社会类别的态度和行为是不妥协的或驱动的功能与这些群体，如stereotype.Cikara等人。提出和测试组参考依赖假说，指出暴力和消极态度对少数群体取决于其他少数群体的数量和规模在一个社区。他们利用1990年至2010年美国各县仇恨犯罪的数据，表明随着群体规模的增加，针对他们的仇恨犯罪变得更有可能。
People are on the move in unprecedented numbers within and between countries. How does demographic change affect local intergroup dynamics? Complementing accounts that emphasize stereotypical features of groups as determinants of their treatment, we propose the group reference dependence hypothesis: violence and negative attitudes towards each minoritized group will depend on the number and size of other minoritized groups in a community. Specifically, as groups increase or decrease in rank in terms of their size (for example, to the largest minority within a community), discriminatory behaviour and attitudes towards them should change accordingly. We test this hypothesis for hate crimes in US counties between 1990 and 2010 and attitudes in the United States and United Kingdom over the past two decades. Consistent with this prediction, we find that as Black, Hispanic/Latinx, Asian and Arab populations increase in rank relative to one another, they become more likely to be targeted with hate crimes and more negative attitudes. The rank effect holds above and beyond group size/proportion, growth rate and many other alternative explanations. This framework makes predictions about how demographic shifts may affect coalitional structures in the coming years and helps explain previous findings in the literature. Our results also indicate that attitudes and behaviours towards social categories are not intransigent or driven only by features associated with those groups, such as stereotypes.Cikara et al. propose and test the group reference dependence hypothesis, stating that violence and negative attitudes towards minoritized groups depend on the number and size of other minoritized groups in a community. Using data on hate crimes in US counties between 1990 and 2010, they show that as groups increase in rank in terms of their size, hate crimes against them become more likely.