Spectra of atmospheric water in precipitating quasi-geostrophic turbulence

Spectra of atmospheric water in precipitating quasi-geostrophic turbulence
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准地转湍流中大气水的光谱

DOI:
10.1080/03091929.2019.1692205
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
1.3
通讯作者:
Stechmann, Samuel N.
Stechmann, Samuel N.
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Edwards, Thomas K.;Smith, Leslie M.;Stechmann, Samuel N.

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大气中的水具有复杂的行为,部分原因是降水的影响。因此,它是具有挑战性的解释水的属性,如其方差的尺度依赖性,其中一系列的谱指数已被确定在观测数据。在这里,降水准地转(PQG)模式探索作为一个可能的原型,有助于理解水的光谱,在一个理想化的设置。地转湍流在数值模拟中进行了研究,其中包括降水,以探索其对水谱的影响,但相位变化被忽略,以允许相应的理论分析。水谱指数的范围从大约-1.4到大约-5,取决于降雨速度参数,这表明降水对水谱的影响很大。这个范围的极限值解释通过渐近分析的大小值。为了从理论上理解这个模型,一个关键的观察是,水可以被写为另外两个示踪剂(等效位温和湿度变量M)的线性组合,它们本身具有理论上易于处理的光谱。这两个其他示踪剂被链接到不同的模式的PQG方程的涡旋模式和潮湿的模式-和这里的分析突出了波或模式分解的有用性,了解水在饱和域。
Atmospheric water has a complex behaviour partly due to the influence of precipitation. Consequently, it is challenging to explain properties of water such as the scale-dependence of its variance, for which a range of spectral exponents has been identified in observational data. Here, a precipitating quasi-geostrophic (PQG) model is explored as a possible prototype for contributing to understanding of water spectra, in an idealised setting. Geostrophic turbulence is examined in numerical simulations, where precipitation is included to explore its effect on the water spectrum, but where phase changes are neglected to allow corresponding theoretical analysis. The water spectral exponent is seen to range from approximately −1.4 to approximately −5 depending on the rainfall speed parameter,, which indicates a significant influence of precipitation on the water spectrum. The limiting values of this range are explained through asymptotic analyses for large and small values of. To obtain this theoretical understanding of the model, a key observation is that water can be written as a linear combination of two other tracers (equivalent potential temperature and a moist variableM), which themselves have theoretically tractable spectra. These two other tracers are linked to distinct modes of the PQG equations–the vortical mode and a moist mode – and the analysis here highlights the usefulness of wave or mode decompositions for understanding water in a saturated domain.
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