Reprocessing of mining waste: combining environmental management and metal recovery?
Reprocessing of mining waste: combining environmental management and metal recovery?
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采矿废物再处理：环境管理与金属回收相结合？
DOI：
10.36487/acg_rep/1352_48_bellenfant
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Cassard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gaël Bellenfant;A. Guézennec;F. Bodénan;P. D'hugues;D. Cassard
原材料对于现代社会的可持续运转至关重要。矿物原材料的获取和负担能力对于欧盟经济的健康运转至关重要。原材料需求的不断增长引起了人们对矿产资源，特别是金属可用性的日益关注。此外，许多过去没有任何应用的金属、准金属或稀土元素现在被用于制造高附加值产品，特别是在新技术和绿色技术领域。其中许多是贱金属生产的副产品，其储量非常有限。因此，欧盟委员会于 2010 年制定了一份战略和关键材料清单。法国拥有丰富的采矿历史，目前约有 300 个矿藏已开采或正在显着勘探。这些是大量“尾矿”（煤矸石、浓缩或湿法冶金处理产生的加工废物、炉渣、堆）的来源。 2006 年 3 月 15 日关于采掘业废物管理的欧洲指令 2006/21/EC 对采矿废物的许可条件、储存、监测和控制进行监督，以确保保护人类健康和环境。成员国尤其必须对那些对人类健康或环境造成或有可能造成严重威胁的已关闭废物处理设施进行并定期更新清单。此外，该指令鼓励通过回收、再利用或回收等方式回收采掘废物。此后，法国于 2012 年最终确定了清单。根据其对地下水、地表水、土壤和人类健康的潜在影响，确定了 2,100 种金属尾矿和 1,300 种煤炭尾矿，并确定了优先顺序。其中，有53个存在重大环境问题的场地被列入名单。这些地点现在和将来都会成为具体行动（环境和卫生研究、修复工作）的主题，以减少其对人类健康和环境的长期影响。尾矿中存在的金属元素本质上是不可降解的，这些行动需要长期的方法。本文重点关注其中一个地点，即前铅银矿，该矿的运营导致产生了 200,000 立方米的采矿废料。法国地质调查局 (BRGM) 的一项恢复计划以环境研究为基础，旨在阻止尾矿对河流和周边地区的进一步侵蚀，并避免受污染物质与居民之间的任何接触。可以设想金属回收来降低修复成本。事实上，与过去采矿和冶金活动相关的旧废物沉积物可以被视为重要的有价值金属储量，因为这些金属没有被开采，或者因为经济上可回收的金属可能仍然存在。在法国，BRGM 最近启动的一个项目旨在在国家一级识别有趣的旧采矿废物沉积物，并评估这些垃圾场的金属回收潜力。第一步，重点关注之前需要修复的场地。目标是从长远角度制定一种将采矿废物环境管理和经济增值相结合的方法。
Raw materials are essential for the sustainable functioning of modern societies. Access to and affordability of mineral raw materials are crucial for the sound functioning of the EU's economy. The increasing demand in raw materials raises now growing concern regarding the mineral resources and especially metals availability. Furthermore many metals, metalloids or rare earth elements which didn't have any application in the past are now used for the manufacture of high added value products especially in the domain of new and green technologies. Many of them are by‐products of base metals production and their reserves are very limited. Thereby, a list of strategic and critical materials was established by the European Commission in 2010. Following the rich mining history of France, there are currently some 300 mineral deposits mined or significantly explored. These are the source of large quantities of "tailings" (gangue, processing waste resulting from concentration or hydrometallurgical treatment, slag, heap). The European Directive 2006/21/EC of 15 March 2006 on the management of waste from extractive industries oversees the permit conditions, storage, monitoring and control of the mining waste to ensure the protection of human health and the environment. The Member States have in particular to carry out and periodically update an inventory of closed waste facilities which cause or have the potential to cause a serious threat to human health or the environment. Moreover, the directive encourages the recovery of extractive waste by means of recycling, reusing or reclaiming such waste. Following this, an inventory was finalized in France in 2012. 2,100 metallic and 1,300 coal tailings were identified and prioritized according to their potential impacts on ground waters, surface waters, soils and human health. Among these, 53 sites with major environmental issues were listed. These sites are and will be the subject of specific actions (environmental and sanitary studies, works of rehabilitation) in order to reduce their long‐term impact both on human health and environment. Metallic elements present in the tailings being by nature nondegradable, these actions require long‐term approaches. The paper focus on one of these sites, former Pb‐Ag mines, which operation have led to the production of 200,000 m3 of mining wastes. A French Geological Survey (BRGM) rehabilitation program, based on environmental studies, was designed to stop additional tailings erosion toward the river and the surrounding areas and to avoid any contacts between the contaminated materials and the population. Metals recovery could be envisaged to mitigate the remediation cost. Indeed, old waste deposits related to past mining and metallurgical activities can be considered as significant reserves of valuable metals because these latter were not exploited or because economically recoverable metals may remain. In France, a recently started project handled by BRGM is aimed at identifying interesting old mining wastes deposits at the national level and assessing the metal recovery potential of these dumps. In a first step, it focuses on previous sites to be rehabilitated. The objective is to develop a methodology combining mining wastes environmental management and economic valorisation in a long term perspective.