Thinking Outside the Box (and Arrow): Current Themes in Striatal Dysfunction in Movement Disorders.
Thinking Outside the Box (and Arrow): Current Themes in Striatal Dysfunction in Movement Disorders.
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DOI：
10.1177/1073858418807887
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发表时间：
2019-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Goldberg JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plotkin JL;Goldberg JA
基底节是皮质下核团错综复杂地连接在一起的集合，形成了连接皮质和丘脑回路的适应性网络的核心。近三十年来，研究人员和医学从业者利用通常所说的“盒子和箭头模型”，概念化了基底节回路是如何工作的，以及它的病理是如何导致帕金森氏症和亨廷顿病等运动障碍的：电路图显示了基底节连通性的大致笔划以及疾病中出现的特定连接的重量的病理性增减。虽然这个模型仍然有很大的实用价值，并导致了治疗运动障碍的开创性策略，但我们对基底节功能的不断发展的知识清楚地表明，这个经典模型有几个缺陷，严重限制了它的预测和描述能力。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍纹状体，它是基底节的主要输入核。我们描述了我们对纹状体丰富的微电路和可塑性能力的理解的最新进展，原始的方框和箭头模型没有捕捉到的因素，并提供了这些进展如何帮助我们目前对运动障碍背后的电路病理的理解。
The basal ganglia are an intricately connected assembly of subcortical nuclei, forming the core of an adaptive network connecting cortical and thalamic circuits. For nearly three decades, researchers and medical practitioners have conceptualized how the basal ganglia circuit works, and how its pathology underlies motor disorders such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, using what is often referred to as the “box-and-arrow model”: a circuit diagram showing the broad strokes of basal ganglia connectivity and the pathological increases and decreases in the weights of specific connections that occur in disease. While this model still has great utility and has led to groundbreaking strategies to treat motor disorders, our evolving knowledge of basal ganglia function has made it clear that this classic model has several shortcomings that severely limit its predictive and descriptive abilities. In this review, we will focus on the striatum, the main input nucleus of the basal ganglia. We describe recent advances in our understanding of the rich microcircuitry and plastic capabilities of the striatum, factors not captured by the original box-and-arrow model, and provide examples of how such advances inform our current understanding of the circuit pathologies underlying motor disorders.
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