Season-Specific Occurrence of Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio spp. on the Southern Coast of South Korea
Season-Specific Occurrence of Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio spp. on the Southern Coast of South Korea
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.02680-16
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Hur, Hor-Gil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Di, Doris Y. W.;Lee, Anna;Hur, Hor-Gil
弧菌种类广泛分布在温暖的河口和沿海环境中，它们可以通过食用未经加工和处理不当的受污染海产品感染人类。在本研究中，我们旨在分离并观察韩国南部海岸环境中肠致病性弧菌的季节性分布。从韩国西南沿海5个采样点的潮汐水和泥浆样品中共分离出10983株弧菌。研究发现，在潮汐水体和淤泥中，溶藻弧菌（6262株）和副溶血性弧菌（1757株）全年普遍存在，而霍乱弧菌（24株）和创伤弧菌（130株）仅在夏季出现。虽然所有霍乱弧菌分离株均不产毒（非o1和非o139），但超过88%的创伤弧菌分离株具有毒力因子弹性分解蛋白酶（由vvp编码）。值得注意的是，四季均有发现的副溶血性弧菌，其毒力因子热稳定型直接溶血素（由tdh编码）和热稳定型直接溶血素相关溶血素（由trh编码）在6月（29株）和9月（14株tdh-、36株trh-、12株tdh-和trh阳性）的含量高于12月（4株trh阳性）和2月（3株tdh阳性），而在4月（3株tdh阳性）的分离株中未检出毒力因子。要理解为什么毒力因子只在温暖季节检测到，而在寒冷季节没有检测到，尽管地点是静态的，但长期监测和特别季节性研究是必要的。肠道致病性弧菌（霍乱弧菌、副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌）的存在通常与温度有关，这些弧菌通过食物和水摄入后可引起急性腹泻感染、败血症和伤口感染。世界卫生组织（卫生组织）估计，全世界每年有140万至430万例霍乱病例和28 000至142 000例死亡。仅在韩国，人均每年的鱼类和贝类消费量就高达52.4公斤。我们的研究结果表明，这些可能的致病性弧菌的季节性加速可能威胁海鲜安全，并增加韩国人患病的风险，当地人在温暖的月份食用生鱼。
Vibrio species are widely distributed in warm estuarine and coastal environments, and they can infect humans through the consumption of raw and mishandled contaminated seafood. In this study, we aimed to isolate and observe the distribution of enteropathogenic Vibrio spp. from environments of the southern coast of South Korea over a season cycle. A total of 10,983 isolates of Vibrio spp. were obtained from tidal water and mud samples over a 1-year period from five sampling sites along the southwest coast of South Korea. We found that Vibrio alginolyticus (n = 6,262) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 1,757) were ubiquitous in both tidal water and mud year round, whereas Vibrio cholerae (n = 24) and Vibrio vulnificus (n = 130) were seasonally specific to summer. While all V. cholerae isolates were nontoxigenic (non-O1 and non-O139), more than 88% of V. vulnificus isolates possessed the virulence factor elastolytic protease (encoded by vvp). Interestingly, V. parahaemolyticus, which was omnipresent in all seasons, contained the virulence factors thermostable direct hemolysin (encoded by tdh) and thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin (encoded by trh) in larger amounts in June (29 trh-positive strains) and September (14 tdh-, 36 trh-, and 12 tdh- and trh-positive strains) than in December (4 trh-positive strains) and February (3 tdh-positive strains), and virulence factors were absent from isolates detected in April. To understand why virulence factors were detected only in the warm season and were absent in the cold season although the locations are static, long-term monitoring and particularly seasonal study are necessary.IMPORTANCE The presence of enteropathogenic Vibrio species (Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus), which cause acute diarrheal infection, septicemia, and wound infections upon ingestion through food and water, is usually associated with temperature. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that there are 1.4 to 4.3 million cases and 28,000 to 142,000 deaths per year worldwide caused by cholera disease. In South Korea alone, consumption is as much as 52.4 kg of fish and shellfish per year per capita. Our findings suggested that seasonally specific acceleration of these possible pathogenic Vibrio spp. may threaten seafood safety and increase the risk of illness in South Korea, where local people consume raw fish during warmer months.