Energetically stable singular vortex cores in an atomic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate
Energetically stable singular vortex cores in an atomic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate
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DOI：
10.1103/physreva.86.013613
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发表时间：
2012-07-12
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Ruostekoski, Janne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lovegrove, Justin;Borgh, Magnus O.;Ruostekoski, Janne
我们分析了自旋为1的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中奇异单量子化涡旋的结构和稳定性。我们发现，奇异涡旋可以在铁磁相和极性相的能量稳定，尽管存在一个较低的能量非奇异的无核涡旋的铁磁相。自旋-1系统表现出一个充满活力的层次结构的长度尺度从不同的相互作用强度，我们发现，涡核变形到一个更大的尺寸所确定的特征长度尺度的自旋相关的相互作用。我们表明，在铁磁相的稳定的核心结构，尽管明显的复杂性，可以被确定为一个单一的极性核心与轴对称的密度分布，这是非零无处不在。在极相，能量有利的核心变形导致分裂的单量子涡旋成一对半量子涡旋，保留了扩展的核心区域以外的涡旋的拓扑结构，但打破了核心的轴对称性。由此产生的半量子涡旋表现出非零铁磁芯。
We analyze the structure and stability of singular singly quantized vortices in a rotating spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that the singular vortex can be energetically stable in both the ferromagnetic and polar phases despite the existence of a lower-energy nonsingular coreless vortex in the ferromagnetic phase. The spin-1 system exhibits an energetic hierarchy of length scales resulting from different interaction strengths, and we find that the vortex cores deform to a larger size determined by the characteristic length scale of the spin-dependent interaction. We show that in the ferromagnetic phase the resulting stable core structure, despite apparent complexity, can be identified as a single polar core with an axially symmetric density profile which is nonvanishing everywhere. In the polar phase, the energetically favored core deformation leads to a splitting of a singly quantized vortex into a pair of half-quantum vortices that preserves the topology of the vortex outside the extended core region, but breaks the axial symmetry of the core. The resulting half-quantum vortices exhibit nonvanishing ferromagnetic cores.