The role of natural polymers in bone tissue engineering
The role of natural polymers in bone tissue engineering
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.055
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发表时间：
2021-09-09
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Qiu, Hongbin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, Linqi;Liang, Zhihui;Qiu, Hongbin
骨是一个动态的自我修复器官，随着时间的推移，持续的重塑确保了骨结构和功能的恢复。然而，骨重建不能修复大的创伤性损伤。因此，需要手术干预和骨替代物。骨组织工程的目的是修复和再生组织，并将骨移植物作为骨替代物。为了实现这一目标，已经使用几种天然或合成聚合物来开发生物相容性和生物可降解的聚合物构建体。在聚合物中，天然聚合物具有较高的生物相容性，优异的生物降解性，并且无毒。目前，胶原、壳聚糖、明胶、丝素蛋白、海藻酸钠、纤维素、淀粉等单独或联合应用于骨组织工程中已得到广泛应用。这些聚合物已被用作支架、水凝胶和微纳米球。聚合物与生长因子和生物活性玻璃的功能化增加了聚合物用于骨再生的潜在用途。由于骨是一种动态的高度血管化的组织，聚合物支架的血管化对于成功的骨再生至关重要。几种体内和体外策略已被用于血管化的聚合物支架。在这篇综述中，最常用的天然聚合物的应用进行了讨论。
Bone is a dynamic self-healing organ and a continuous remodeling ensures the restoration of the bone structure and function over time. However, bone remodeling is not able to repair large traumatic injuries. Therefore, surgical interventions and bone substitutes are required. The aim of bone tissue engineering is to repair and regenerate tissues and engineered a bone graft as a bone substitute. To met this goal, several natural or synthetic polymers have been used to develop a biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric construct. Among the polymers, natural polymers have higher biocompatibility, excellent biodegradability, and no toxicity. So far, collagen, chitosan, gelatin, silk fibroin, alginate, cellulose, and starch, alone or in combination, have been widely used in bone tissue engineering. These polymers have been used as scaffolds, hydrogels, and micro-nanospheres. The functionalization of the polymer with growth factors and bioactive glasses increases the potential use of polymers for bone regeneration. As bone is a dynamic highly vascularized tissue, the vascularization of the polymeric scaffolds is vital for successful bone regeneration. Several in vivo and in vitro strategies have been used to vascularize the polymeric scaffolds. In this review, the application of the most commonly used natural polymers is discussed.