Bacterial microcompartments as metabolic modules for plant synthetic biology
Bacterial microcompartments as metabolic modules for plant synthetic biology
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DOI：
10.1111/tpj.13166
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Kerfeld, Cheryl A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonzalez-Esquer, C. Raul;Newnham, Sarah E.;Kerfeld, Cheryl A.
细菌微区室（BMC）是兆道尔顿大小的蛋白质组装体，将代谢途径的片段包围在细胞内。它们增加了包封酶的催化效率，同时从大量胞质溶胶中隔离挥发性或有毒中间体。第一个被发现的BMC是蓝藻的羧基体。羧基体将酶核酮糖-1，5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶（RuBisCO）与碳酸酐酶区室化。它们通过增加酶活性位点附近的CO2局部浓度来增强RuBisCO的羧化酶活性。作为碳固定的代谢模块，羧化酶体可以被转移到真核生物（例如植物）中以提高光合效率。在合成生物学的范围内，当被认为是用于开发纳米反应器或三维支架以提高天然或异源表达的酶的效率的构建块的来源时，羧基体和其他BMC具有更大的潜力。羧基体作为一个理想的模型系统，用于测试工程BMC的方法，因为它们在蓝藻中的表达提供了一个敏感的屏幕形式（外观的多面体机构）和功能（在空气中生长的能力）。我们叙述了最近的进展，在重新设计的羧基壳和核心提供一个概念框架的发展，基于BMC的架构在植物合成生物学中的应用。
Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are megadalton-sized protein assemblies that enclose segments of metabolic pathways within cells. They increase the catalytic efficiency of the encapsulated enzymes while sequestering volatile or toxic intermediates from the bulk cytosol. The first BMCs discovered were the carboxysomes of cyanobacteria. Carboxysomes compartmentalize the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) with carbonic anhydrase. They enhance the carboxylase activity of RuBisCO by increasing the local concentration of CO2 in the vicinity of the enzyme's active site. As a metabolic module for carbon fixation, carboxysomes could be transferred to eukaryotic organisms (e.g. plants) to increase photosynthetic efficiency. Within the scope of synthetic biology, carboxysomes and other BMCs hold even greater potential when considered a source of building blocks for the development of nanoreactors or three-dimensional scaffolds to increase the efficiency of either native or heterologously expressed enzymes. The carboxysome serves as an ideal model system for testing approaches to engineering BMCs because their expression in cyanobacteria provides a sensitive screen for form (appearance of polyhedral bodies) and function (ability to grow on air). We recount recent progress in the re-engineering of the carboxysome shell and core to offer a conceptual framework for the development of BMC-based architectures for applications in plant synthetic biology.