Exposing the CSI: A Systematic Investigation of CSI-based Wi-Fi Sensing Capabilities and Limitations
Exposing the CSI: A Systematic Investigation of CSI-based Wi-Fi Sensing Capabilities and Limitations
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DOI：
10.1109/percom56429.2023.10099368
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发表时间：
2023-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Marco Cominelli;Francesco Gringoli;Francesco Restuccia
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文献类型：
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作者：
Marco Cominelli;Francesco Gringoli;Francesco Restuccia
由于Wi-Fi热点的无处不在的部署，基于信道状态信息（CSI）的Wi-Fi感知可以在许多领域（如医疗保健，安全和娱乐）中释放改变游戏规则的应用。然而，尽管对Wi-Fi感测进行了十年的积极研究，但大多数现有工作仅考虑传统IEEE 802.11n设备，通常是在特定和严格控制的环境中。更糟糕的是，人们根本不了解现代Wi-Fi功能（例如160 MHz带宽、多输入多输出（MIMO）传输和IEEE 802.11ax中提高的频谱分辨率）对基于CSI的感测的影响（Wi-Fi 6）。这项工作旨在阐明Wi-Fi 6功能对感知性能的影响，并为未来的Wi-Fi感知研究创建基准。为此，我们使用Wi-Fi 6信号进行了广泛的CSI数据收集活动，涉及3个人，3个环境和12个活动。通过视频记录获得的匿名地面真相伴随着我们的80 GB数据集，其中包含来自三个收集器的近两个小时的CSI数据。我们利用我们的数据集来剖析不同环境和个人之间最先进的传感框架的性能。我们的主要研究结果表明：（i）MIMO传输和更高的频谱分辨率可能比更大的带宽更有利于传感应用;（ii）迫切需要标准化Wi-Fi传感研究，因为实现真正独立于环境的框架的路径仍然不确定。为了简化实验的可复制性并解决当前Wi-Fi 6 CSI数据集的缺乏问题，我们向社区发布了80 GB的数据集。
Thanks to the ubiquitous deployment of Wi-Fi hotspots, channel state information (CSI)-based Wi-Fi sensing can unleash game-changing applications in many fields, such as healthcare, security, and entertainment. However, despite one decade of active research on Wi-Fi sensing, most existing work only considers legacy IEEE 802.11n devices, often in particular and strictly-controlled environments. Worse yet, there is a fundamental lack of understanding of the impact on CSI-based sensing of modern Wi-Fi features, such as 160-MHz bandwidth, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmissions, and increased spectral resolution in IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6). This work aims to shed light on the impact of Wi-Fi 6 features on the sensing performance and to create a benchmark for future research on Wi-Fi sensing. To this end, we perform an extensive CSI data collection campaign involving 3 individuals, 3 environments, and 12 activities, using Wi-Fi 6 signals. An anonymized ground truth obtained through video recording accompanies our 80-GB dataset, which contains almost two hours of CSI data from three collectors. We leverage our dataset to dissect the performance of a state-of-the-art sensing framework across different environments and individuals. Our key findings suggest that (i) MIMO transmissions and higher spectral resolution might be more beneficial than larger bandwidth for sensing applications; (ii) there is a pressing need to standardize research on Wi-Fi sensing because the path towards a truly environment-independent framework is still uncertain. To ease the experiments' replicability and address the current lack of Wi-Fi 6 CSI datasets, we release our 80-GB dataset to the community.