Biodeterioration of Roman hypogea: the case study of the Catacombs of SS. Marcellino and Pietro (Rome, Italy)
Biodeterioration of Roman hypogea: the case study of the Catacombs of SS. Marcellino and Pietro (Rome, Italy)
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DOI：
10.1007/s13213-019-01460-z
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Ellwood, Neil Thomas William
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruno, Laura;Rugnini, Lorenza;Ellwood, Neil Thomas William
没有关于SS地下墓穴的石头表面上生长的光养生物的信息。Marcellino和Pietro（该网站最近才于2014年向公众开放）。因此，决定对微生物群落进行分析，并将其与先前研究的其他地下墓穴进行比较。此外，一种新的非侵入性的策略，以减少光合生长进行了测试。光养微生物进行了调查，在光和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜下从非侵入性原位收集的样品。进行测试以确定两种精油（来自L. angustifolia和T. vulgaris）对生物膜光合活性的影响。在可见光范围内的激光诱导荧光（LIF）和反射率测量已被用于分别评估，任何化学改性和变色的壁画石后，可能会发生的应用精油。在所有浓度的精油下，生物膜的光合活性几乎立即大幅降低。在10%的精油浓度下，15分钟后没有检测到光合作用活性。在1%时，需要两次应用，5天后活性检测不到。用LIF原型观察到精油对基底表面性质或壁画的颜色改变没有影响。在调查的地点发现了典型的罗马地下墓穴的蓝藻。创新和非破坏性的战略，涉及两种精油的组合应用，已成功地测试和开发，以防止这些网站的生物退化。
No information exists on phototrophs growing on the stone surfaces of the Catacombs of SS. Marcellino and Pietro (the site was only recently opened to the public in 2014). Therefore, it was decided to characterise the microbial communities and to compare them with those of the other previously studied catacombs. Moreover, a new non-invasive strategy to reduce the phototrophic growth was tested. Phototrophic microorganisms were investigated under light and confocal laser scanning microscopes from samples collected non-invasively in situ. Tests were carried out to determine the effect of the application of two essential oils (from L. angustifolia and T. vulgaris) on biofilm photosynthetic activity. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and reflectance measurements in the visible range have been used to evaluate respectively, any chemical modification and discolouration on a frescoed stone that may occur after the application of the essential oils. At all the concentrations of essential oils, there was a quasi-immediate, large reduction in photosynthetic activity of the biofilms. At 10% essential oil concentration, there was no detectable photosynthetic activity after 15 min. At 1%, there was a need for two applications and after 5-day activity was undetectable. No effect of the essential oils on the substrate surface properties or colour modification of the fresco has been observed with the LIF prototype. Cyanobacterial typical of Roman catacombs were present in the sites investigated. Innovative and non-destructive strategies, involving the application of a combination of two essential oils, have been successfully tested and developed to prevent biodeterioration of these sites.