Theoretically Motivated Interventions for Reducing Sexual Risk Taking in Adolescence: A Randomized Controlled Experiment Applying Fuzzy-Trace Theory
Theoretically Motivated Interventions for Reducing Sexual Risk Taking in Adolescence: A Randomized Controlled Experiment Applying Fuzzy-Trace Theory
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/a0036717
复制
发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Mills, Britain A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reyna, Valerie F.;Mills, Britain A.
模糊踪迹理论是关于记忆、判断和决策及其发展的理论。我们应用这一理论的进展来提高多组分干预的有效性和持久性，以促进降低和避免早孕和性传播感染的风险。来自3个州(亚利桑那州、德克萨斯州和纽约州)高中和青年项目的734名青少年被随机分配到3个课程组中的一个：RTR(降低风险)、RTR+(使用模糊跟踪理论的RTR的改进版本)和控制组。我们报告了课程对自我报告的行为和行为意图的影响，以及这些影响的心理社会中介：即态度和规范，性行为或怀孕的动机，自我效能和行为控制，以及要点/逐字结构。在26项结果中，19项表现出至少1个疗程相对于对照组的效果：RTR+产生了17项结果的改善，RTR产生了12项结果的改善。对于RTR+，2个差异(在感知的父母规范和全球利益认知方面)限于年龄、性别或种族/民族亚组。RTR+对性启动的影响在干预6个月后出现，当时许多青少年开始性生活活跃。在9个结果中，RTR+的效果大于RTR，在12个结果的1年随访中，RTR+的效果仍然显著大于对照组。与模糊轨迹理论一致的结果表明，通过强调要点表征，这些表征被长期保存，是决策过程中使用的关键记忆，加强干预对青少年冒险行为结果和心理社会中介因素产生了更大和更持久的影响。
Fuzzy-trace theory is a theory of memory, judgment, and decision making, and their development. We applied advances in this theory to increase the efficacy and durability of a multicomponent intervention to promote risk reduction and avoidance of premature pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Seven hundred and thirty-four adolescents from high schools and youth programs in 3 states (Arizona, Texas, and New York) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 curriculum groups: RTR (Reducing the Risk), RTR + (a modified version of RTR using fuzzy-trace theory), and a control group. We report effects of curriculum on self-reported behaviors and behavioral intentions plus psychosocial mediators of those effects: namely, attitudes and norms, motives to have sex or get pregnant, self-efficacy and behavioral control, and gist/verbatim constructs. Among 26 outcomes, 19 showed an effect of at least 1 curriculum relative to the control group: RTR + produced improvements for 17 outcomes and RTR produced improvements for 12 outcomes. For RTR +, 2 differences (for perceived parental norms and global benefit perception) were confined to age, gender, or racial/ethnic subgroups. Effects of RTR + on sexual initiation emerged 6 months after the intervention, when many adolescents became sexually active. Effects of RTR + were greater than RTR for 9 outcomes, and remained significantly greater than controls at 1-year follow-up for 12 outcomes. Consistent with fuzzy-trace theory, results suggest that by emphasizing gist representations, which are preserved over long periods and are key memories used in decision making, the enhanced intervention produced larger and more sustained effects on behavioral outcomes and psychosocial mediators of adolescent risk taking.