Responses of plants and invertebrate trophic groups to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herb icide-tolerant crops
Responses of plants and invertebrate trophic groups to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herb icide-tolerant crops
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2003.1406
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发表时间：
2003-11-29
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Squire, GR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hawes, C;Haughton, AJ;Squire, GR
转基因耐除草剂（GMHT）和传统的作物管理对无脊椎动物的营养群体（食草动物，食草动物，传粉者，捕食者和寄生虫）的影响进行了比较，在甜菜，玉米和春油菜网站在英国各地。这些营养类群受季节、作物种类和GMHT管理的影响。许多群体在初夏和夏末之间的丰度增加了两倍至五倍，作物物种之间的差异高达10倍。GMHT管理叠加相对较小（不到两倍），但一致的，植物和昆虫丰度的变化，这些影响的程度和方向依赖于可比的常规除草剂制度的相对效力。在一般情况下，杂草的生物量减少，在甜菜和春油菜GMHT管理和增加玉米与常规处理相比。这种资源可利用性的变化对较高的营养水平产生了连锁反应，但在春季油菜中，草食动物资源最多。食草动物，传粉者和天敌的丰富变化在同一方向上，他们的资源，和食草动物丰富的GMHT管理下增加所有作物。在GMHT处理中后期施用除草剂的结果是资源从食草动物食物网向食草动物食物网的转移。农场规模评估已经证明了超过3年，在整个英国，草食动物，食草动物和许多他们的捕食者和寄生虫在耕地系统是敏感的杂草群落的变化，导致引进新的除草剂制度。
Effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional crop management on invertebrate trophic groups (herbivores, detritivores, pollinators, predators and parasitoids) were compared in beet, maize and spring oilseed rape sites throughout the UK. These trophic groups were influenced by season, crop species and GMHT management. Many groups increased twofold to fivefold in abundance between early and late summer, and differed up to 10-fold between crop species. GMHT management superimposed relatively small (less than twofold), but consistent, shifts in plant and insect abundance, the extent and direction of these effects being dependent on the relative efficacies of comparable conventional herbicide regimes. In general, the biomass of weeds was reduced under GMHT management in beet and spring oilseed rape and increased in maize compared with conventional treatments. This change in resource availability had knock-on effects on higher trophic levels except in spring oilseed rape where herbivore resource was greatest. Herbivores, pollinators and natural enemies changed in abundance in the same directions as their resources, and detritivores increased in abundance under GMHT management across all crops. The result of the later herbicide application in GMHT treatments was a shift in resource from the herbivore food web to the detritivore food web. The Farm Scale Evaluations have demonstrated over 3 years and throughout the UK that herbivores, detritivores and many of their predators and parasitoids in arable systems are sensitive to the changes in weed communities that result from the introduction of new herbicide regimes.