Light Utilization Efficiency in Natural Phytoplankton Communities
Light Utilization Efficiency in Natural Phytoplankton Communities
复制标题
自然浮游植物群落的光利用效率
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4684-3890-1_5
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Z. Dubinsky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Z. Dubinsky
在我们开始讨论水环境中光合作用效率的概念、定义和测量之前，我们应该首先尝试了解这种努力的可能用处。长期以来，植物生理学家和生物化学家对光合作用机制捕获光能并将其储存为潜在化学能的效率的评价一直是植物生理学家和生物化学家研究的热点。所获得的值被认为是验证所提出的模型的试金石，并解释了光化学机械的功能。这方面的光合作用效率是由Rabinowitch(1，2)回顾的。这些研究的结果围绕着两组截然不同的数值：第一组(3，4)估计最大光合作用效率约为100%(大约每减少一个二氧化碳分子需要两个量子)，而第二个几乎被普遍接受(5-7)，将其上限设定在大约25%(相当于要求每摩尔二氧化碳减少8量子)。除了这个理论方面，我们见证了生物学家、工程师和能源专家的朝圣之旅，将光合作用作为潜在的解决能源危机的方法。从这一点来看，光合作用装置的效率与其他太阳能传感器，如光伏电池、太阳能热水器等进行了比较(8，9)。在太阳能生物转化领域，探索从半合成的无细胞光合作用单元(10)和光合氢释放(11，12)一直到不那么有远见的概念，如生物质种植园(13，14)和近海海藻养殖场(15)。上述所有提议的经济可行性在很大程度上取决于
Before we set out to discuss the concept, definition and measurement of photosynthetic efficiency in the aquatic environment, it would be in order first to try to understand the possible usefulness of such an endeavor. The evaluation of the efficiency of the photosynthetic mechanism in trapping light energy and storing it as potential chemical energy has long attracted plant physiologists and biochemists. The values obtained were considered a touchstone for the validation of models proposed an an explanation of the function of the photochemical machinery. This aspect of photosynthetic efficiencies was reviewed by Rabinowitch (1, 2). The results of these studies crystallized around two widely different clusters of values: the first (3, 4) estimated the maximum photosynthetic efficiency to be around 100%(about two quanta required per molecule of C02 reduced), while the second, almost universally accepted (5-7), set its upper limit at about 25%(equivalent to a requirement of 8 quanta per mole C02 reduced).Besides this theoretical aspect, we witness a pilgrimage of biologists, engineers and energy experts revisiting photosynthesis as a potential cure for the energy crisis. From this point of view, the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus is compared to that of other solar energy transducers, such as photovo1taic cells, solar water heaters, etc.(8, 9). In the field of solar energy bioconversion the quest goes from semi-synthetic, cell-free photosynthetic units (10) and photosynthetic hydrogen evn1ution (11, 12), all the way to less visionary concepts such as biomass plantations (13, 14) and offshore kelp farms (15). The economic feasibility of all the above-mentioned proposals depends, to a great extent, upon