Aquatic Nomads: The Life and Migrations of the Atlantic Salmon
Aquatic Nomads: The Life and Migrations of the Atlantic Salmon
复制标题
水生游牧民族：大西洋鲑鱼的生活和迁徙
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Aarestrup
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Thorstad;F. Whoriskey;A. Rikardsen;K. Aarestrup
大西洋鲑鱼萨尔莫salar L.原产于北大西洋的温带和亚北极地区。该物种有着复杂多样的生活史，但大多数形式是溯河产卵，在淡水中有一个幼年期，然后是银化和长期迁移到海洋中觅食和生长，并返回淡水产卵。大西洋鲑鱼返回到他们的家乡河流的精度很高，通常只有一小部分的人口流浪到其他河流。精确的归巢可以通过自然选择产生和维持当地的适应性，不同河流中的鲑鱼种群在生态和遗传上都有差异。有些种群的个体在淡水中完成其整个生命周期，而另一些种群可能只进行短暂的迁移到河口的咸水中，或留在靠近家园河流的海洋区域内。影响产卵和摄食洄游的因素可能会影响个体鱼类的繁殖成功和生存。迁移研究确定了路径和关键栖息地，如觅食和产卵区，因此对保护大西洋鲑鱼种群至关重要。在这一章中，我们综合信息的模式和机制的运动在大西洋鲑鱼迁徙，包括淡水，河口和海洋阶段。还概述了大西洋鲑鱼的生命周期和地理分布。
The Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. is native to the temperate and subarctic regions of the North Atlantic Ocean. The species has a complex and diverse array of life histories, but most forms are anadromous with a juvenile phase in fresh water, followed by smoltifi cation and a long migration to the ocean for feeding and growth, and a return migration to fresh water to spawn. Atlantic salmon return with a high precision to their home river, and typically only a small percentage of a population strays to other rivers. Precise homing may generate and maintain local adaptations through natural selection, and salmon populations in different rivers differ both ecologically and genetically. Individuals of some populations complete their entire life cycle in fresh water, while others may undertake only short migrations to brackish water in estuaries, or stay within marine areas close to the home river. Factors affecting spawning and feeding migrations may impact the reproductive success and survival of individual fi sh. Migration studies identify pathways, and critical habitats like feeding and spawning areas, and hence are essential for the protection of Atlantic salmon populations. In this chapter, we synthesise information on patterns and mechanisms of movement during Atlantic salmon migrations, covering the freshwater, estuary and marine phases. An overview of the Atlantic salmon life cycle and geographical distribution is also given.