Presence of weed fungus in a non-social beetle-fungus cultivation mutualism.
Presence of weed fungus in a non-social beetle-fungus cultivation mutualism.
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非社会性甲虫-真菌栽培中杂草真菌的存在互利共生。
DOI：
10.1111/een.12293
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Togashi K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Toki W;Kawakita A;Togashi K
1.非人类生物的耕作在几个动物谱系中独立出现，使它们能够依靠其他方式难以获得的食物来源生存。然而，农业花园很容易受到寄生虫的入侵，在没有宿主动物的情况下，寄生虫会过度生长。在由群居昆虫(蚂蚁、白蚁和文心虫)实践的高级真菌农业中，园艺寄生虫的存在及其相关的宿主适应已经得到了很好的研究，但园艺寄生虫在更原始的农业形式中的影响却知之甚少。本研究的目的是报道非社会性斑潜蝇Doubledaya BucculentaLewis(鞘翅目：Erotylidae：Languriinae)真菌园中杂草真菌的存在，该甲虫在新近死亡的竹子节间培养酵母Wickerhaomyces omarius(E.C.Hansen)Kurtzman，Robnett&Bas.-Power。从竹子节间寄生的节间壁上分离到丝状真菌Artriniumspp.、Fusariumspp.和一种未鉴定的菌种。当在没有寄主幼虫的情况下与酵母一起培养时，Arthiniumsp.1的竞争能力强于酵母，这表明这种丝状真菌可以入侵酵母花园，但在自然条件下通常会受到抑制。饲养实验表明，甲虫幼虫在酵母培养物上生长的速度比只喂食Artriniumsp.1.5的生长速度快。这些结果表明，Artrinium sp.1在豆腐病菌的真菌花园中起到杂草的作用，既抑制了甲虫幼虫的生长，也抑制了有益酵母的增殖。
1. Farming by non‐human organisms has arisen independently in several animal lineages, allowing them to survive on food sources that are otherwise difficult to access. However, agricultural gardens are prone to invasion by parasites that overgrow cultivars in the absence of host animals. The presence of garden parasites and associated host adaptations are well studied in advanced fungal agriculture practised by social insects (ants, termites, and ambrosia beetles), but the impact of garden parasites in more primitive forms of agriculture is poorly known. The aim of the present study was to report the presence of weed fungi in fungal gardens of the non‐social lizard beetleDoubledaya bucculentaLewis (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae), which cultivates the yeastWickerhamomyces anomalus(E.C. Hansen) Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.‐Powers in the internodes of recently dead bamboo culms.2. The filamentous fungiArthriniumspp.,Fusariumspp., and an unidentified species were isolated from the inner wall and insect‐made wall debris of bamboo internodes inhabited by the beetle.3. When cultured together with the yeast in the absence of host larvae,Arthriniumsp.1 outcompeted the yeast, suggesting that this filamentous fungus can invade yeast gardens but is normally suppressed under natural conditions.4. Rearing experiments showed that beetle larvae grew faster when grown on yeast cultures than when fed onlyArthriniumsp.1.5. These results suggest thatArthriniumsp.1 acts as a weed in the fungal gardens ofD.bucculenta, inhibiting both growth of the beetle larvae and proliferation of the beneficial yeast.