MECHANICAL LOADING AND HOW IT AFFECTS BONE CELLS: THE ROLE OF THE OSTEOCYTE CYTOSKELETON IN MAINTAINING OUR SKELETON
MECHANICAL LOADING AND HOW IT AFFECTS BONE CELLS: THE ROLE OF THE OSTEOCYTE CYTOSKELETON IN MAINTAINING OUR SKELETON
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DOI：
10.22203/ecm.v024a20
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Bakker, A. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klein-Nulend, J.;Bacabac, R. G.;Bakker, A. D.
缺乏体力活动不仅会导致老年人骨质流失和骨折，卧床不起的病人或其他不活跃的年轻人也会如此。这正迅速成为世界上最严重的医疗保健问题之一。骨细胞，即埋藏在我们骨骼中的细胞，在存在机械刺激的情况下刺激骨形成，在没有机械刺激的情况下刺激骨降解。到目前为止，我们还不完全理解骨细胞如何感知机械刺激，也只知道骨细胞随后产生的调节骨形成和降解的整个分子范围的一小部分。这极大地阻碍了骨丢失预防策略的设计。在这篇综述中，我们将集中在导致骨量适应机械负荷的一系列事件中的第一步，即骨细胞如何能够感知施加在整个骨骼上的机械刺激。我们将特别强调骨细胞细胞骨架在机械传感中的作用。鉴于骨细胞在保持对骨折的适当抵抗力方面的关键作用，更多地了解控制骨细胞对机械刺激的适应性反应的分子机制可能会导致新的预防骨折和促进骨愈合的策略的发展。
Lack of physical activity causes bone loss and fractures not only in elderly people, but also in bedridden patients or otherwise inactive youth. This is fast becoming one of the most serious healthcare problems in the world. Osteocytes, cells buried within our bones, stimulate bone formation in the presence of mechanical stimuli, as well as bone degradation in the absence of such stimuli. As yet, we do not fully comprehend how osteocytes sense mechanical stimuli, and only know a fraction of the whole range of molecules that osteocytes subsequently produce to regulate bone formation and degradation in response to mechanical stimuli. This dramatically hampers the design of bone loss prevention strategies. In this review we will focus on the first step in the cascade of events leading to adaptation of bone mass to mechanical loading, i.e., on how osteocytes are able to perceive mechanical stimuli placed on whole bones. We will place particular emphasis on the role of the osteocyte cytoskeleton in mechanosensing. Given the crucial importance of osteocytes in maintaining a proper resistance against bone fracture, greater knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that govern the adaptive response of osteocytes to mechanical stimuli may lead to the development of new strategies towards fracture prevention and enhanced bone healing.