Deterioration of different stones used in historical buildings within Nigde province, Cappadocia
Deterioration of different stones used in historical buildings within Nigde province, Cappadocia
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卡帕多西亚尼格德省历史建筑中使用的不同石材的恶化
DOI：
10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.033
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Mustafa Korkanç
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mustafa Korkanç
卡帕多西亚地区拥有各种历史建筑，由几个文明建造，从很久以前到最近。其中一些是大型和重要的建筑物，其艺术，文化和美学特征相当引人注目。这些建筑物中使用的石头由于各种影响而损坏。正确识别的退化机制是至关重要的设计改造和恢复程序。在这项研究中，我们的目的是确定广泛用于不同的历史建筑在Nigde地区，形成卡帕多西亚南部边界的石头的工程特性和恶化。根据获得的许可证，从建筑物上掉落的石头中取出了17块样品（2块大理石、2块石灰石、6块凝灰岩、5块熔结凝灰岩和1块安山岩），这些石头不能再次用于任何修复工作。为了确定建筑石材因地质结构和外部影响而退化的情况，我们沿着详细的现场观察进行了化学和岩相分析。为了确定岩石的地质力学性质（干容重、吸水率、有效孔隙率、纵波速度、单轴抗压强度、崩解耐久性指数、毛管吸水率、Bohme磨耗值和施密特锤回弹值），进行了综合性实验室研究。在低强度和高孔隙度的熔结凝灰岩（UK3）和凝灰岩（AK3）中观察到的劣化的主要原因是湿度，特别是在毛细管水平。在一些石头样本上观察到的严重恶化也是由于使用了性能比其他石头差的石头，尽管它们来自同一个采石场。再加上地下水和地表水的负面影响，观察到石头以剥落、变色和强度损失的形式严重受损。
The Cappadocia region hosts various historical buildings constructed by several civilisations from long in the past until more recently. Some of these are big and significant buildings and their artistic, cultural and aesthetical features are quite attention-grabbing. The stones used in most of these buildings have deteriorated due to various effects. The correct identification of the deterioration mechanisms is of fundamental importance to design retrofitting and restoration procedures. In this study we aimed to determine the engineering properties and deterioration of the stones widely used in the different historical buildings in the Nigde region that forms the southern boundary of Cappadocia. 17 block samples (2 marble, 2 travertine, 6 tuff, 5 ignimbrite and 1 andesite) were taken – in accordance with the obtained permits – from stones that had fallen from the buildings and could not be used again as part of any restoration. With the purpose ofidentifying the deterioration of the building stones due to their geological structure and external effects, chemical and petrographic analyses were conducted along with detailed field observations. To determine the geomechanical properties (dry unit weight, water absorption, effective porosity,P-wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, slake durability index, capillary water absorption, Bohme abrasion value and Schmidt hammer rebound value) of the stones comprehensive laboratory research was carried out. The main cause of the deterioration observed in ignimbrites (UK3) and tuffs (AK3) with low strength and high porosity was humidity, especially at the capillary level. Significant deterioration observed on some stone samples was also due to the use of stones that exhibited poorer properties than the rest, although they came from the same quarry. Adding the negative effects of ground and surface water on top of these, severe damage on the stones in the formof flaking, discolouration and loss of strength were observed.