Beyond Willpower: Strategies for Reducing Failures of Self-Control
Beyond Willpower: Strategies for Reducing Failures of Self-Control
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DOI：
10.1177/1529100618821893
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
25.4
通讯作者：
Laibson, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Duckworth, Angela L.;Milkman, Katherine L.;Laibson, David
几乎每个人都在努力按照个人和集体的最佳利益行事，特别是在这样做需要放弃一个更直接、更令人愉快的选择的时候。除了劝告决策者“做正确的事情”，政策制定者还能做些什么来减少暴饮暴食、储蓄不足、拖延和其他自我挫败的行为，这些行为现在感觉很好，但产生了更大的延迟成本？在这篇综述中，我们综合了当代关于减少自我控制失败的方法的研究。我们区分了自我部署和其他部署的策略，此外还区分了情景干预目标和认知干预目标。总体而言，来自心理科学和经济学的证据建议采取心理上知情的政策，以减少自我控制的失败。
Almost everyone struggles to act in their individual and collective best interests, particularly when doing so requires forgoing a more immediately enjoyable alternative. Other than exhorting decision makers to "do the right thing," what can policymakers do to reduce overeating, undersaving, procrastination, and other self-defeating behaviors that feel good now but generate larger delayed costs? In this review, we synthesize contemporary research on approaches to reducing failures of self-control. We distinguish between self-deployed and other-deployed strategies and, in addition, between situational and cognitive intervention targets. Collectively, the evidence from both psychological science and economics recommends psychologically informed policies for reducing failures of self-control.