Time course and side-by-side analysis of mesodermal, pre-myogenic, myogenic and differentiated cell markers in the chicken model for skeletal muscle formation.
Time course and side-by-side analysis of mesodermal, pre-myogenic, myogenic and differentiated cell markers in the chicken model for skeletal muscle formation.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/joa.12353
复制
发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Dietrich S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berti F;Nogueira JM;Wöhrle S;Sobreira DR;Hawrot K;Dietrich S
鸡是一个成熟的动物（包括人类）骨骼肌形成的模型，因为鸡骨骼肌的发育解剖学与哺乳动物相匹配。鸡在蛋中的可及性以及其基因组的测序和新的分子技术提高了这种模式的形象。多年来，已经确定了许多调节和标记基因，适用于监测野生型和实验胚胎中骨骼肌发生的进展。然而，在各种研究中，在不同的发展阶段使用了不同的标记物。此外，关于监管因素的层次结构的相互矛盾的结果现在正在出现，显然，因素需要能够合作。因此，需要一份参考文献详细描述并并列说明禽类肌肉发生过程中标记基因表达的时间进程。我们比较分析了鸡未成熟的近轴中胚层的关键标志物的发病和表达模式，肌肉感受态细胞，致力于肌细胞和细胞进入终末分化。我们从第一个近轴中胚层被放置到中胚层形成结束的阶段进行了分析。我们的数据表明，虽然标记基因表达的序列在发育的各个阶段是相同的，但表达开始的时间是完全不同的。此外，标记基因表达的肌源性细胞部署从背内侧和腹外侧唇的dermomyotome是不同的部署从rostrocaudal唇，这表明不同的分子程序。此外，肌球蛋白重链基因的表达是重叠的，但沿肌管长度沿着不同。最后，Mef2c是Mrf蛋白最有可能的伴侣，并且与小鼠以及更相似的青蛙和斑马鱼相反，鸡Mrf4在细胞进入终末分化时与MyoG共表达。
The chicken is a well-established model for amniote (including human) skeletal muscle formation because the developmental anatomy of chicken skeletal muscle matches that of mammals. The accessibility of the chicken in the egg as well as the sequencing of its genome and novel molecular techniques have raised the profile of this model. Over the years, a number of regulatory and marker genes have been identified that are suited to monitor the progress of skeletal myogenesis both in wildtype and in experimental embryos. However, in the various studies, differing markers at different stages of development have been used. Moreover, contradictory results on the hierarchy of regulatory factors are now emerging, and clearly, factors need to be able to cooperate. Thus, a reference paper describing in detail and side-by-side the time course of marker gene expression during avian myogenesis is needed. We comparatively analysed onset and expression patterns of the key markers for the chicken immature paraxial mesoderm, for muscle-competent cells, for cells committed to myogenesis and for cells entering terminal differentiation. We performed this analysis from stages when the first paraxial mesoderm is being laid down to the stage when mesoderm formation comes to a conclusion. Our data show that, although the sequence of marker gene expression is the same at the various stages of development, the timing of the expression onset is quite different. Moreover, marker gene expression in myogenic cells being deployed from the dorsomedial and ventrolateral lips of the dermomyotome is different from those being deployed from the rostrocaudal lips, suggesting different molecular programs. Furthermore, expression of Myosin Heavy Chain genes is overlapping but different along the length of a myotube. Finally, Mef2c is the most likely partner of Mrf proteins, and, in contrast to the mouse and more alike frog and zebrafish fish, chicken Mrf4 is co-expressed with MyoG as cells enter terminal differentiation.