A caseian point for the evolution of a diaphragm homologue among the earliest synapsids

A caseian point for the evolution of a diaphragm homologue among the earliest synapsids
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最早的突触动物隔膜同源物进化的凯斯点

DOI:
10.1111/nyas.13264
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
S. F. Perry
S. F. Perry
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lambertz;C. D. Shelton;F. Spindler;S. F. Perry

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横膈膜的起源仍然是陆生脊椎动物进化中知之甚少但至关重要的一步,因为这种独特的结构是哺乳动物的主要呼吸马达。在这里,我们分析了哺乳类爬行动物最古老的谱系之一的古生物学和呼吸器官:Caseidae。结合定量骨组织学和功能形态学和生理学建模方法,我们推断出一个方案,其中一个辅助的结构是目前在这些早期的突触。对这一假说至关重要的是,至少有迹象表明,在遗传学上先进的caseid可能不是主要的陆地,而是与主要的水生生物联系在一起。这样的生活方式会导致他们的排泄系统受到严重限制,因此不得不科普与潜水相关的问题。我们的呼吸参数的模型显示,这些caseids只能有限的肋呼吸,如果水生,必须采用一些辅助净化机制,以快速满足他们的氧气需求浮出水面。考虑到在这种水生环境下,壳类动物的系统发育位置位于突触纲的基部,假设哺乳动物横膈膜的同源物已经进化了大约50 Ma,比以前假设的要早。
The origin of the diaphragm remains a poorly understood yet crucial step in the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates, as this unique structure serves as the main respiratory motor for mammals. Here, we analyze the paleobiology and the respiratory apparatus of one of the oldest lineages of mammal‐like reptiles: the Caseidae. Combining quantitative bone histology and functional morphological and physiological modeling approaches, we deduce a scenario in which an auxiliary ventilatory structure was present in these early synapsids. Crucial to this hypothesis are indications that at least the phylogenetically advanced caseids might not have been primarily terrestrial but rather were bound to a predominantly aquatic life. Such a lifestyle would have resulted in severe constraints on their ventilatory system, which consequently would have had to cope with diving‐related problems. Our modeling of breathing parameters revealed that these caseids were capable of only limited costal breathing and, if aquatic, must have employed some auxiliary ventilatory mechanism to quickly meet their oxygen demand upon surfacing. Given caseids’ phylogenetic position at the base of Synapsida and under this aquatic scenario, it would be most parsimonious to assume that a homologue of the mammalian diaphragm had already evolved about 50 Ma earlier than previously assumed.
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