Market Means and Welfare Ends: The UK Welfare State Experiment
Market Means and Welfare Ends: The UK Welfare State Experiment
复制标题
市场手段和福利目的：英国福利国家实验
作者：
P. Taylor;T. Larsen;J. Kananen
英国的独特之处在于拥有欧盟中最自由的市场导向福利制度和最多数主义的政府制度，能够迅速果断地采取行动。1997年新工党政府放弃了该党传统的新凯恩斯主义/社会民主主义方针，开始了以市场为导向的福利国家改革计划。这反映了欧洲其他地方政策方向的许多方面（在不同的情况下逐步推行），并在欧洲就业战略和经合组织的建议中得到提倡。因此，英国是一个合适的测试案例，以评估福利政策的新出发点的影响：福利通过市场手段结束。本文表明，新工党在动员劳动力、扩大妇女机会和减少贫困方面取得了真实的成功。然而，这一办法在激励和管理私人福利提供者方面面临着棘手的问题，在减少未进入劳动力市场的工作年龄人口的贫困方面也存在局限性。这是由于福利和市场目标不相容造成的：所有人都有安全、足够的收入，公民的工作激励和提供者的市场自由。
The UK is distinctive in having the most liberal market-oriented welfare system in the European Union and the most majoritarian governmental system, capable of rapid and decisive action. The 1997 New Labour government abandoned the traditional neo-Keynesian/social democratic approach of the party and embarked on a programme of market-oriented welfare state reform. This reflects many aspects of policy direction (pursued more gradually and under different circumstances) elsewhere in Europe, and advocated in the European Employment Strategy and OECD proposals. The UK is thus a suitable test case to assess the impact of a new departure in welfare policy: welfare ends through market means. This paper shows that New Labour has achieved real successes in mobilising the workforce, broadening opportunities for women and reducing poverty. However, the approach faces intractable problems in stimulating and regulating private providers of welfare, and limitations in the extent to which it is able to reduce poverty among those of working age who are not in the labour market. These result from the incompatibility between welfare and market objectives: secure, adequate incomes for all, and work incentives for citizens and market freedom for providers.