Descriptive epidemiology of fatal respiratory outbreaks and detection of a human-related metapneumovirus in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Mahale Mountains National Park, western Tanzania
Descriptive epidemiology of fatal respiratory outbreaks and detection of a human-related metapneumovirus in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Mahale Mountains National Park, western Tanzania
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ajp.20565
复制
发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Nishida, Toshisada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaur, Taranjit;Singh, Jatinder;Nishida, Toshisada
在过去几年里，坦桑尼亚马哈尔山国家公园的野生黑猩猩群体中发生了急性和致命的呼吸道疾病。常见的呼吸道病毒，如麻疹和流感，被认为是可能的病原体;然而，这两种病毒都没有被检测到。在2003年、2005年和2006年致命呼吸道疾病期间，对受影响的个人进行了定期观察。病因特异性发病率分别为98.3%、52.4%和33.8%。死亡率分别为6.9%、3.2%和4.6%;所有死亡均见于2个月至2岁9个月的婴儿。自2006年爆发以来，还有9只黑猩猩没有被发现，据推测已经死亡;因此，2006年的发病率和死亡率可能分别高达47.7%和18.5%。在2005年和2006年爆发期间，从受影响和未受影响的黑猩猩中收集了12份粪便样本，并分析了病原体。对2005年粪便样本的分析表明存在副粘病毒，2006年在一只受影响的黑猩猩身上发现并鉴定了一种与人类有关的偏肺病毒，该黑猩猩的婴儿在爆发期间死亡。我们的研究结果提供了初步证据，表明与这些疾病有关的病原体是病毒性和传染性的，可能是人类起源的;而且，可能不止一种病原体可能在人群中传播。我们建议，在试图使新的黑猩猩或其他类人猿群体习惯时，应尽早获得基线健康数据，并获得食物和粪便样本，并建立生物库。对于已经习惯的人群，疾病预防策略，持续的健康监测计划和诊断结果的报告应该是管理这些人群的一个组成部分。此外，描述性流行病学应是疾病暴发调查的一个主要组成部分。
Over the past several years, acute and fatal respiratory illnesses have occurred in the habituated group of wild chimpanzees at the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Common respiratory viruses, such as measles and influenza, have been considered possible causative agents; however, neither of these viruses had been detected. During the fatal respiratory illnesses in 2003, 2005 and 2006, regular observations on affected individuals were recorded. Cause-specific morbidity rates were 98.3, 52.4 and 33.8%, respectively. Mortality rates were 6.9, 3.2 and 4.6%; all deaths were observed in infants 2 months-2 years 9 months of age. Nine other chimpanzees have not been seen since the 2006 outbreak and are presumed dead; hence, morbidity and mortality rates for 2006 may be as high as 47.7 and 18.5%, respectively. During the 2005 and 2006 outbreaks, 12 fecal samples were collected from affected and nonaffected chimpanzees and analyzed for causative agents. Analysis of fecal samples from 2005 suggests the presence of paramyxovirus, and in 2006 a human-related metapneumovirus was detected and identified in an affected chimpanzee whose infant died during the outbreak. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that the causative agent associated with these illnesses is viral and contagious, possibly of human origin; and that, possibly more than one agent may be circulating in the population. We recommend that baseline health data be acquired and food wadge and fecal samples be obtained and bio-banked as early as possible when attempting to habituate new groups of chimpanzees or other great apes. For already habituated populations, disease prevention strategies, ongoing health monitoring programs and reports of diagnostic findings should be an integral part of managing these populations. In addition, descriptive epidemiology should be a major component of disease outbreak investigations.