Memory Wars in Post-Soviet Ukraine (1991–2010)
Memory Wars in Post-Soviet Ukraine (1991–2010)
复制标题
后苏联时期乌克兰的记忆战争（1991-2010）
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
A. Portnov
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作者：
A. Portnov
分析后苏联时代乌克兰记忆之战的人士，往往把注意力集中在地区差异对乌克兰记忆的影响上。区域层面在这里当然很重要，但完全通过这一透镜来看待乌克兰的记忆可能会掩盖景观的其他方面。在这一章中，我的目标是转移的角度来看，从规范和本质化的模式和片面的还原评估的压力解放乌克兰记忆的丰富的社会现实。在列昂尼德·克拉夫丘克（1991-94）、列昂尼德·库奇马（1994-2004）和维克托·尤先科（2005-10）的总统任期内，记忆政治发生了变化。我将集中讨论这一政治，它远不是由僵化和根深蒂固的地区断层线所构建和预先确定的，事实上，它是非常偶然和非常矛盾的。寻求一种战略，使新独立的乌克兰及其后苏联精英合法化，而不引发民族、语言和/或宗教冲突，同时始终着眼于俄罗斯，这一切都是即兴发挥。
Analysts of the post-Soviet memory wars in Ukraine have tended to focus overwhelmingly on the ways in which Ukrainian memory is shaped by regional differences. The regional dimension is certainly important here, but approaching Ukrainian memory exclusively through this lens can serve to obscure other aspects of the landscape. In this chapter, I aim to shift the perspective, with a view to emancipating the rich social reality of Ukrainian memory from the pressures of normative and essentializing schemas and one-sided reductive assessments. Focusing on the changing politics of memory during the presidencies of Leonid Kravchuk (1991–94), Leonid Kuchma (1994–2004) and Viktor Yushchenko (2005–10), I will show that this politics, far from having been structured and predetermined by rigid and entrenched regional fault lines, has in fact been deeply contingent and deeply contradictory. The search for a strategy that would legitimize the new independent Ukraine and its post-Soviet elite without provoking national, linguistic, and/or religious conflict, while all the time with an eye to Russia, was all about improvisation.