Napier grass stunt disease in East Africa: Farmers' perspectives on disease management
Napier grass stunt disease in East Africa: Farmers' perspectives on disease management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.008
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Khan, Zeyaur R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Asudi, George O.;van den Berg, Johnnie;Khan, Zeyaur R.
纳皮耶或象草（Pennisetum purpureum）是东非最重要的牲畜饲料作物，正受到纳皮耶草矮化（NGS）疾病的威胁。这种疾病是由植原体引起的，植原体是由叶蝉（半翅目：叶蝉科）传播的。接种后，病害迅速感染整个植物，对纳皮耶草植物造成广泛损害。因此，有必要制定一项防治该疾病的综合管理办法。在三个东非国家（肯尼亚、乌干达和坦桑尼亚）进行了一项调查，使用半结构式问卷对198名农民进行了访谈。问卷调查了NGS的流行情况、种植材料的来源和种植的纳皮耶草品种。还向农民询问了他们如何看待疾病的严重性、管理选择以及对疾病的野草宿主及其媒介的存在的了解。调查地区的疾病流行率以占所评估的198个地区总数的百分比表示。进行卡方（卡方）、F检验和单因素方差分析（ANOVA），以评估这三个国家在地区、性别和教育水平方面对NGS的认识和看法是否存在差异。NGS的患病率从乌干达的33%到肯尼亚的95.7%，平均为55.1%。在接受采访的农民中，49.5%的人能够识别NGS症状。大多数农民没有有效的疾病管理办法，但列举了各种措施，包括偷草和引进替代饲料草，这些措施可能构成疾病综合管理办法的一部分。莎草（Cyperus sp.）和星星草（狗牙根）被调查者列为植原体引起的矮化病的可能宿主。长期以来，人们一直怀疑杂草可能在植原体的传播中发挥作用，因为杂草既可以作为健康植物重新感染的水库，也可以作为载体的宿主。由于目前还没有一套完善的控制方法，大多数农民都将受感染的植物连根拔起，重新种植新的植物，以减少病媒取食受感染的植物，从而降低感染压力。这说明农民需要提高认识，并需要培育抗性纳皮耶草品种作为管理选择。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Napier or Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), the most important livestock fodder crop in East Africa, is under threat from Napier grass stunt (NGS) disease. This disease is caused by a phytoplasma, which is transmitted by the leafhopper, Maiestas banda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). After inoculation, the disease rapidly infects the whole plant causing extensive damage to Napier grass plants. There is therefore a need to develop an integrated management approach for the disease. A survey was conducted in three East African countries (Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania) during which 198 farmers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. The questionnaire addressed the prevalence of NGS, source of planting material and Napier grass cultivars grown. Farmers were also questioned on how they perceived the severity of the disease, management options and on the knowledge of the existence of wild grass hosts of the disease and its vector. Disease prevalence in survey areas was expressed as a percentage of the total 198 fields assessed. Chi-square (chi 2), F tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to asses any differences between districts, gender and education levels with regards to the knowledge and perceptions of NGS in the three countries. The prevalence of NGS ranged from 33% in Uganda to 95.7% in Kenya with an average of 55.1%. Among the farmers interviewed, 49.5% were able to recognize NGS symptoms. Most farmers did not have effective management approaches for the disease but cited a variety of measures including roguing and introduction of alternative fodder grasses that could potentially form part of an integrated management approach for the disease. Sedge grass (Cyperus sp.) and Star grass (Cynodon dactylon) were listed by the respondents as the likely hosts of stunt diseases caused by phytoplasma. It has been long suspected that weeds could play a role in the spread of phytoplasma by acting both as reservoirs from which healthy plants could be re-infected and also as hosts for the vectors. Since there is no well-established control method for NGS, the majority of farmers uproot infected plants and replant with new ones to lower the infection pressure by providing fewer infected plants for vectors to feed on. This pinpoints the need for farmers' awareness and the need to develop resistant Napier grass cultivars as a management option. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.