A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Cognitive Bias Modification on Anxiety and Depression
A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Cognitive Bias Modification on Anxiety and Depression
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/a0024355
复制
发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Ruscio, Ayelet Meron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hallion, Lauren S.;Ruscio, Ayelet Meron
认知偏差被认为在焦虑和抑郁的发生和维持中起着关键作用。认知偏差修正(CBM)是一种使用训练来诱导适应不良或适应性认知偏差的实验范式，它被用来检验这些因果模型。尽管在过去的十年中，作为一种实验范式和一种治疗形式，CBM引起了相当大的兴趣，但还没有对CBM对焦虑和抑郁的影响进行量化审查。这项对45项研究(2591名参与者)的荟萃分析评估了CBM对认知偏差以及焦虑和抑郁的影响。CBM对偏差的影响中等(g=0.49)，解释偏差(g=0.81)大于注意偏差(g=0.29)。CBM还对焦虑和抑郁有很小的影响(g=0.13)，尽管只有在参与者经历了应激源后对症状进行评估时，这种效果才是可靠的(g=0.23)。当焦虑和抑郁被分开检查时，CBM显著改善了焦虑，但没有改善抑郁。有一个不明显的趋势是，包括多个培训课程在内的研究有更大的影响。这些发现与焦虑和抑郁的认知理论大体一致，这些理论提出了认知偏差和压力源对这些症状的交互影响。然而，这里观察到的小效应大小表明，这种影响可能比之前认为的更温和。
Cognitive biases have been theorized to play a critical role in the onset and maintenance of anxiety and depression. Cognitive bias modification (CBM), an experimental paradigm that uses training to induce maladaptive or adaptive cognitive biases, was developed to test these causal models. Although CBM has generated considerable interest in the past decade, both as an experimental paradigm and as a form of treatment, there have been no quantitative reviews of the effect of CBM on anxiety and depression. This meta-analysis of 45 studies (2,591 participants) assessed the effect of CBM on cognitive biases and on anxiety and depression. CBM had a medium effect on biases (g = 0.49) that was stronger for interpretation (g = 0.81) than for attention (g = 0.29) biases. CBM further had a small effect on anxiety and depression (g = 0.13), although this effect was reliable only when symptoms were assessed after participants experienced a stressor (g = 0.23). When anxiety and depression were examined separately, CBM significantly modified anxiety but not depression. There was a nonsignificant trend toward a larger effect for studies including multiple training sessions. These findings are broadly consistent with cognitive theories of anxiety and depression that propose an interactive effect of cognitive biases and stressors on these symptoms. However, the small effect sizes observed here suggest that this effect may be more modest than previously believed.