Effect of dietary protein level, initial body weight, and their interaction on the growth, feed utilization, and physiological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)
Effect of dietary protein level, initial body weight, and their interaction on the growth, feed utilization, and physiological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.10.027
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发表时间：
2010-01-07
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Shalaby, Adel M. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abdel-Tawwab, Mohsen;Ahmad, Mohammad H.;Shalaby, Adel M. E.
进行了为期 10 周的喂养试验，以评估膳食蛋白质水平和鱼体重之间的相互作用对尼罗罗非鱼 Oreochromis niloticus (L.) 生长、饲料利用率和生理变化的影响。鱼按重量分为三种：0.4-0.5 克（鱼苗）、17-22 克（鱼种）和 37-43 克（高级幼鱼）。根据每条鱼的重量，饲喂含有 25%、35% 或 45% 粗蛋白 (CP) 的饲料，一式三份。鱼的生长、饲料利用率和蛋白质周转率受日粮蛋白质水平和鱼体重的显着影响，同时它们的交互作用仅显着影响特定生长率和蛋白质效率比（PER）。电离氨受到日粮蛋白质水平、鱼体重及其相互作用的显着影响。此外，鱼全身的蛋白质和脂肪含量受日粮蛋白质水平和鱼重的显着影响，而它们的交互作用仅显着影响总脂肪含量。灰分含量仅随鱼重而显着不同。最佳饲料转化率（FCR）是通过饲喂45%-CP日粮的罗非鱼苗获得的；然而，观察到喂食 25%-CP 饮食的晚期幼体的 FCR 最差。喂给高级幼鱼的 45%-CP 饲料获得了最低的 PER 和蛋白质生产值 (PPV) 值；然而，用 25%-CP 饲料喂养鱼苗获得了最高值。饲喂 45%-CP 日粮的罗非鱼鱼苗的蛋白质生长率 (PGR) 最高，而饲喂 25%-CP 日粮的晚期幼鱼的蛋白质生长率 (PGR) 最低。血液学变量受蛋白质水平、鱼体重及其相互作用的显着影响，但血清脂质除外，其不受相互作用的显着影响。血清、肝脏和肌肉中的天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST) 和丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT) 活性受日粮蛋白质水平和鱼重的显着影响。这种相互作用显着影响酶活性，但血清 AST 不显着。罗非鱼鱼苗在 45% CP 饲料中获得最佳生长，而鱼种和晚期幼鱼则在 35% CP 饲料中表现出最佳生长性能。鱼种和晚期幼鱼中过量的蛋白质可能被脱氨基并用作能量来源，导致血糖、蛋白质和脂质增加，以及环境中未结合的氨增加。 (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to assess the interaction between dietary protein level and fish weight on the growth, feed utilization, and physiological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish were categorized into three weights: 0.4-0.5 g (fry), 17-22 g (fingerling), and 37-43 g (advanced juvenile). Diets containing 25, 35, or 45% crude protein (CP) were fed by triplicate to each fish weight. Fish growth, feed utilization, and protein turn-over were significantly affected by dietary protein level and fish weight, meanwhile their interaction significantly affected specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio (PER) only. Unionized ammonia was significantly affected by dietary protein level, fish weight, and their interaction. Moreover, protein and lipid contents in whole-body of fish were significantly affected by dietary protein level and fish weight, while their interaction significantly affected total lipids content only. Ash content significantly differed with fish weight only. The optimum feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained with fry tilapia fed the 45%-CP diet; whereas, the poorest FCR was observed for advanced juveniles fed the 25%-CP diet. The lowest PER and protein productive value (PPV) values were obtained with the 45%-CP diet fed to advanced juveniles; whereas, the highest values were obtained with the 25%-CP diet fed to fry. The highest protein growth rate (PGR) was obtained with fry tilapia fed the 45%-CP diet, while the lowest one was obtained with advanced juvenile fed the 25%-CP diet. Hematological variables were significantly affected by protein level, fish weight, and their interaction except for serum lipids which was not significantly affected by the interaction. Activities of aspartate amninotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum, liver, and muscles were significantly affected by dietary protein level and fish weight. The interaction significantly affected enzyme activities except for serum AST, which was not significant. The optimum growth of fry tilapia was obtained at 45% CP, while fingerling and advanced juvenile showed optimum growth performance with the 35%-CP diet. Excess protein in fingerling and advanced juvenile might be deaminated and used as energy source resulting in increased blood glucose, protein, and lipids as well as increased unionized ammonia in the environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.