Gamma-Ray Emission from the Shell of Supernova Remnant W44 Revealed by the Fermi LAT
Gamma-Ray Emission from the Shell of Supernova Remnant W44 Revealed by the Fermi LAT
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1182787
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发表时间：
2010-02
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
A. Abdo;M. Ackermann;M. Ajello;L. Baldini;J. Ballet;G. Barbiellini;M. Baring;D. Bastieri;B. Baughman;K. Bechtol;R. Bellazzini;B. Berenji;R. Blandford;E. Bloom;E. Bonamente;A. Borgland;J. Bregeon;A. Brez;M. Brigida;P. Bruel;T. Burnett;S. Buson;G. Caliandro;R. Cameron;P. Caraveo;J. Casandjian;C. Cecchi;O. Celik;O. Celik;A. Chekhtman;A. Chekhtman;C. C. Cheung-C.;J. Chiang;S. Ciprini;R. Claus;I. Cognard;J. Cohen-Tanugi;L. Cominsky;J. Conrad;J. Conrad;S. Cutini;C. Dermer;A. Angelis;F. Palma;S. Digel;E. Silva;P. Drell;R. Dubois;D. Dumora;C. Espinoza;C. Farnier;C. Favuzzi;S. Fegan;W. Focke;P. Fortin;M. Frailis;Y. Fukazawa;S. Funk;P. Fusco;F. Gargano;D. Gasparrini;N. Gehrels;N. Gehrels;S. Germani;G. Giavitto;B. Giebels;N. Giglietto;F. Giordano;T. Glanzman;G. Godfrey;I. Grenier;M. Grondin;J. Grove;L. Guillemot;S. Guiriec;Y. Hanabata;A. Harding;M. Hayashida;E. Hays;R. Hughes;M. Jackson;M. Jackson;G. Jóhannesson;A. Johnson;T. Johnson;T. Johnson;W. Johnson;T. Kamae;H. Katagiri;J. Kataoka;J. Katsuta;N. Kawai;M. Kerr;J. Knödlseder;M. Kocian;M. Kramer;M. Kramer;M. Kuss;J. Lande;L. Latronico;M. Lemoine-Goumard;F. Longo;F. Loparco;B. Lott;M. Lovellette;P. Lubrano;A. Lyne;G. Madejski;A. Makeev;A. Makeev;M. Mazziotta;J. Mcenery;C. Meurer;C. Meurer;P. Michelson;W. Mitthumsiri;T. Mizuno;C. Monte;M. Monzani;A. Morselli;I. Moskalenko;S. Murgia;T. Nakamori;P. Nolan;J. Norris;A. Noutsos;E. Nuss;T. Ohsugi;N. Omodei;E. Orlando;J. Ormes;D. Paneque;D. Parent;V. Pelassa;M. Pepe;M. Pesce-Rollins;F. Piron;T. Porter;S. Rainò;R. Rando;M. Razzano;A. Reimer;A. Reimer;O. Reimer;T. Reposeur;L. Rochester;A. Rodríguez;R. Romani;M. Roth;F. Ryde;H. Sadrozinski;D. Sanchez;A. Sander;P. Parkinson;J. Scargle;C. Sgro’;E. Siskind;D. Smith;P. Smith;G. Spandre;P. Spinelli;B. Stappers;F. Stecker;M. Strickman;D. Suson;H. Tajima;H. Takahashi;Tadayuki Takahashi;Takaaki Tanaka;J. Thayer;J. Thayer;G. Theureau;D. Thompson;L. Tibaldo;O. Tibolla;D. Torres;G. Tosti;A. Tramacere;Y. Uchiyama;T. Usher;V. Vasileiou;V. Vasileiou;C. Venter;C. Venter;N. Vilchez;V. Vitale;A. Waite;Pengfei Wang;B. Winer;K. Wood;R. Yamazaki;T. Ylinen;T. Ylinen;M. Ziegler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Abdo;M. Ackermann;M. Ajello;L. Baldini;J. Ballet;G. Barbiellini;M. Baring;D. Bastieri;B. Baughman;K. Bechtol;R. Bellazzini;B. Berenji;R. Blandford;E. Bloom;E. Bonamente;A. Borgland;J. Bregeon;A. Brez;M. Brigida;P. Bruel;T. Burnett;S. Buson;G. Caliandro;R. Cameron;P. Caraveo;J. Casandjian;C. Cecchi;O. Celik;O. Celik;A. Chekhtman;A. Chekhtman;C. C. Cheung-C.;J. Chiang;S. Ciprini;R. Claus;I. Cognard;J. Cohen-Tanugi;L. Cominsky;J. Conrad;J. Conrad;S. Cutini;C. Dermer;A. Angelis;F. Palma;S. Digel;E. Silva;P. Drell;R. Dubois;D. Dumora;C. Espinoza;C. Farnier;C. Favuzzi;S. Fegan;W. Focke;P. Fortin;M. Frailis;Y. Fukazawa;S. Funk;P. Fusco;F. Gargano;D. Gasparrini;N. Gehrels;N. Gehrels;S. Germani;G. Giavitto;B. Giebels;N. Giglietto;F. Giordano;T. Glanzman;G. Godfrey;I. Grenier;M. Grondin;J. Grove;L. Guillemot;S. Guiriec;Y. Hanabata;A. Harding;M. Hayashida;E. Hays;R. Hughes;M. Jackson;M. Jackson;G. Jóhannesson;A. Johnson;T. Johnson;T. Johnson;W. Johnson;T. Kamae;H. Katagiri;J. Kataoka;J. Katsuta;N. Kawai;M. Kerr;J. Knödlseder;M. Kocian;M. Kramer;M. Kramer;M. Kuss;J. Lande;L. Latronico;M. Lemoine-Goumard;F. Longo;F. Loparco;B. Lott;M. Lovellette;P. Lubrano;A. Lyne;G. Madejski;A. Makeev;A. Makeev;M. Mazziotta;J. Mcenery;C. Meurer;C. Meurer;P. Michelson;W. Mitthumsiri;T. Mizuno;C. Monte;M. Monzani;A. Morselli;I. Moskalenko;S. Murgia;T. Nakamori;P. Nolan;J. Norris;A. Noutsos;E. Nuss;T. Ohsugi;N. Omodei;E. Orlando;J. Ormes;D. Paneque;D. Parent;V. Pelassa;M. Pepe;M. Pesce-Rollins;F. Piron;T. Porter;S. Rainò;R. Rando;M. Razzano;A. Reimer;A. Reimer;O. Reimer;T. Reposeur;L. Rochester;A. Rodríguez;R. Romani;M. Roth;F. Ryde;H. Sadrozinski;D. Sanchez;A. Sander;P. Parkinson;J. Scargle;C. Sgro’;E. Siskind;D. Smith;P. Smith;G. Spandre;P. Spinelli;B. Stappers;F. Stecker;M. Strickman;D. Suson;H. Tajima;H. Takahashi;Tadayuki Takahashi;Takaaki Tanaka;J. Thayer;J. Thayer;G. Theureau;D. Thompson;L. Tibaldo;O. Tibolla;D. Torres;G. Tosti;A. Tramacere;Y. Uchiyama;T. Usher;V. Vasileiou;V. Vasileiou;C. Venter;C. Venter;N. Vilchez;V. Vitale;A. Waite;Pengfei Wang;B. Winer;K. Wood;R. Yamazaki;T. Ylinen;T. Ylinen;M. Ziegler
超新星遗迹观测轰击地球的宇宙射线的来源一直是神秘的，但最近的解释是恒星爆炸的遗迹引起了质子的高能加速。Abdo等人（第1103页，1月5日在线发表）使用费米大面积望远镜获得了超新星遗迹W 44的图像，该图像显示了千兆电子伏特量级的相关伽马射线发射，符合表明局部质子和核加速的模型。卫星观测表明，质子在超新星遗迹的壳层中被加速。最近对超新星遗迹（SNRs）的观测表明，它们将宇宙射线加速到接近1015电子伏特的能量。然而，产生辐射的粒子的性质仍然不明确。我们报告了用费米大面积望远镜在2 × 108电子伏和3 ×1011电子伏之间观测到的SNR W 44。与SNR壳对应的形态的源的检测意味着发射产生的粒子加速。伽马射线光谱是很好地模拟了质子和原子核的发射。它的陡度超过~109电子伏特，这提供了一个探测器，可以用来研究粒子加速如何响应环境效应，如致密云中的激波传播，以及加速粒子如何释放到星际空间。
Supernova Remnant Observations The sources of the cosmic rays that bombard Earth have been mysterious, but more recent explanations invoke high-energy acceleration of protons by the remnants of stellar explosions. Using the Fermi Large Area Telescope, Abdo et al. (p. 1103, published online 5 January) obtained an image of the supernova remnant W44, which shows associated gamma-ray emissions in the order of gigaelectronvolts, conforming with models indicating local proton and nuclei acceleration. Satellite observations suggest that protons are accelerated in the shell of a supernova remnant. Recent observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) hint that they accelerate cosmic rays to energies close to ~1015 electron volts. However, the nature of the particles that produce the emission remains ambiguous. We report observations of SNR W44 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope at energies between 2 × 108 electron volts and 3 ×1011 electron volts. The detection of a source with a morphology corresponding to the SNR shell implies that the emission is produced by particles accelerated there. The gamma-ray spectrum is well modeled with emission from protons and nuclei. Its steepening above ~109 electron volts provides a probe with which to study how particle acceleration responds to environmental effects such as shock propagation in dense clouds and how accelerated particles are released into interstellar space.