Field Survey of Northern Sumatra and Banda Aceh, Indonesia after the Tsunami and Earthquake of 26 December 2004
Field Survey of Northern Sumatra and Banda Aceh, Indonesia after the Tsunami and Earthquake of 26 December 2004
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DOI：
10.1785/gssrl.76.3.312
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发表时间：
2005-05
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
J. Borrero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Borrero
2004年12月26日星期日协调世界时00时58分（震中当地时间07时58分），印度尼西亚苏门答腊北方班达亚齐西南250公里处发生大地震。矩震级为9.0或更大（Stein和Okal，2005），是历史上仪器记录的最大地震之一。地震引发了大海啸，沿着苏门答腊北方和西部沿海造成了严重的洪水和破坏，如班达亚齐和米拉布市所见。几个小时之内，海啸摧毁了遥远的泰国东部海岸以及斯里兰卡、印度和马尔代夫西部海岸。海啸还在索马里和东非其他国家造成了人员伤亡和破坏，世界各大洋的潮汐站都记录了海啸。图1.显示调查地点的位置图。给出了每个位置的最大波高或爬高的代表值。2004年12月26日苏门答腊岛班达亚齐地区发生地震和海啸后，国际海啸调查小组迅速作出反应，恢复了关于海啸淹没特点的重要数据。这些数据与地震前和地震后不久获得的卫星图像结合使用，以描述海啸和地震的影响，包括上升高度、淹没距离、水流深度、结构破坏程度、海岸线侵蚀和与地震有关的沉降。在班达亚齐和附近地区收集的现场数据包括确定助跑高度的剖面图、GPS定位的水流深度标记照片和指示水流方向的痕迹。通过对目击者和幸存者的采访以及海啸袭击期间拍摄的视频，收集了有关海浪到达和行为的更多信息。作为国际海啸调查小组（ITST）的一员，我进入亚齐地区。
On Sunday, 26 December 2004, at 00:58 UTC (07:58 local at the epicenter), a great earthquake occurred 250 km south-west of Banda Aceh in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. With a moment magnitude of 9.0 or possibly greater (Stein and Okal, 2005), it was one of the largest instrumentally recorded earthquakes in history. The earthquake generated a large tsunami that caused extreme inundation and destruction along the northern and western coasts of Sumatra, as seen in the cities of Banda Aceh and Meulaboh. Within hours the tsunami devastated the distant shores of Thailand to the east as well as those of Sri Lanka, India, and the Maldives to the west. The tsunami also caused deaths and destruction in Somalia and other nations of east Africa and was recorded on tidal stations throughout the oceans of the world. Figure 1. Location map showing survey sites. A representative value for the maximum wave height or run-up at each location is given. The rapid response of an International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST) to the Banda Aceh, Sumatra region after the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami led to the recovery of important data on the characteristics of the tsunami inundation. These data are used in conjunction with satellite imagery obtained before and shortly after the earthquake to describe the effects of the tsunami and earthquake in terms of run-up height, inundation distance, flow depth, levels of structural damage, shoreline erosion, and earthquake-related subsidence. Field data collected in Banda Aceh and nearby areas include profiles to determine run-up heights, GPS-located photographs of flow depth marks, and traces indicating flow direction. Additional information on wave arrival and behavior was collected through interviews with witnesses and survivors and from video taken during the tsunami attack. As a member of the International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST), I entered the Aceh region …