Variability in abundances of fishes associated with seagrass habitats in relation to diets of predatory fishes
Variability in abundances of fishes associated with seagrass habitats in relation to diets of predatory fishes
复制标题
与海草栖息地相关的鱼类丰度变化与掠食性鱼类饮食的关系
DOI：
10.1007/s002270050732
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
M. Keough
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hindell;G. Jenkins;M. Keough
摘要 1997 年 9 月至 1998 年 2 月，对澳大利亚菲利普港湾塔斯马尼亚异形鱼床中食鱼性鱼类及其硬骨鱼猎物丰度的空间、昼夜和潮汐变化以及捕食性鱼类的饮食组成进行了调查。 （高和低）周期。中上层和底栖甲壳类动物占所有掠食性鱼类食物丰度的 60% 以上。有 7 个物种（占所有掠食性鱼类的 54%）是鱼食性鱼类。这些食鱼动物捕食来自七个科的个体，其中 36.8% 的鱼类科与海草有关。西澳大利亚鲑鱼 Arripis truttacea (Arripidae) (n = 174) 和平头鲽鱼 (Platycephalidae) (n = 46) 是最丰富的食鱼动物。 A. truttacea 消耗幼虫/幼虫后的 atherinids、gobiids 和 sillaginids。投机者捕食晚幼鱼/成鱼、克林鱼和戈壁鱼。虽然食鱼动物的丰度在不同地点（P < 0.001）和昼夜周期（P = 0.028）之间存在差异，但各地点和昼夜周期之间食鱼动物丰度的相对差异在潮汐之间并不一致。 A. truttacea 的丰度在地点、昼夜周期和潮汐周期之间以复杂的方式变化，如这些因素之间的三向相互作用所示 (P = 0.026)。仅在 St. Leonards 的白天，涨潮时的 A. truttacea 丰度显着高于低潮 (P < 0.001)。在每个地点的其他昼夜期间，A. truttacea 的丰度没有变化。 P.speculator 在夜间的数量显着增加 (P = 0.017)。小（被捕食）鱼类的丰度在不同地点之间存在显着差异（P < 0.001）。白天，小鱼的丰度在高潮和低潮之间没有变化（P = 0.185），但它们的夜间丰度在低潮时更大（P < 0.001）。 Atherinids (n = 1732) 和sillaginids (n = 1623) 是最丰富的小鱼科。夜间 (P = 0.005) 和低潮期间 (P = 0.029) 明显更丰富，并且不同地点之间差异显着 (P < 0.001)。 Silaginids 仅在位点之间存在显着差异（P<<0.001）。海草床为多种掠食性鱼类提供了觅食栖息地，其中许多是鱼食性鱼类。食鱼鱼类的反捕食行为和丰度的位置变异性可以解释一些昼夜和潮汐以及小鱼丰度的大范围空间模式。
Abstract The spatial, diel and tidal variability in the abundance of piscivorous fishes and their teleost prey, and the dietary composition of predatory fishes were investigated in beds of Heterozostera tasmanica within Port Phillip Bay, Australia, from September 1997 to February 1998. Predatory and prey fish assemblages were sampled from beds of H. tasmanica at three locations during each combination of diel (day and night) and tidal (high and low) cycles. Pelagic and benthic crustaceans represented >60% by abundance of the diets of all predatory fishes. Seven species, 54% of all predatory fishes, were piscivorous. These piscivores consumed individuals from seven families, 36.8% of the fish families being associated with seagrass. Western Australian salmon, Arripis truttacea (Arripidae) (n = 174) and yank flathead, Platycephalus speculator (Platycephalidae) (n = 46) were the most abundant piscivores. A. truttacea consumed larval/post-larval atherinids, gobiids and sillaginids. P. speculator consumed late-juvenile/adult atherinids, clinids and gobiids. While the abundances of piscivores varied between locations (P < 0.001) and diel periods (P = 0.028), the relative differences in piscivore abundance between sites and diel periods were not consistent between tides. The abundances of A. truttacea varied in a complex way amongst sites, diel period and tidal cycle, as shown by a three-way interaction between these factors (P = 0.026). Only during diurnal periods at St. Leonards was the abundance of A. truttacea significantly higher during high than low tides (P < 0.001). During the other diel periods at each site, the abundance of A. truttacea did not vary. P. speculator was significantly more abundant nocturnally (P = 0.017). The abundance of small (prey) fishes varied significantly amongst sites (P < 0.001). During the day, the abundance of small fishes did not vary between high and low tides (P = 0.185), but their nocturnal abundance was greater during low tide (P < 0.001). Atherinids (n = 1732) and sillaginids (n = 1623) were the most abundant families of small fishes. Atherinids were significantly more abundant nocturnally (P = 0.005) and during low tides (P = 0.029), and varied significantly amongst sites (P < 0.001). Sillaginids varied significantly only amongst sites (P < 0.001). Seagrass beds provide a foraging habitat for a diverse assemblage of predatory fishes, many of which are piscivorous. Anti-predator behaviour and amongst-location variability in abundances of piscivorous fishes may explain some of the diel and tidal, and broad-scale spatial patterns in small-fish abundances.