Ocean acidification and temperature increase impact mussel shell shape and thickness: problematic for protection?
Ocean acidification and temperature increase impact mussel shell shape and thickness: problematic for protection?
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.1756
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Cusack M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fitzer SC;Vittert L;Bowman A;Kamenos NA;Phoenix VR;Cusack M
海洋酸化可能会产生一个欠饱和的碳酸盐环境，从而威胁到生产碳酸钙外壳的生物。由此导致的钙化和生长减少，以及随后的外骨骼溶解，将引起人们对贝壳在海洋酸化和温度升高的情况下为海洋生物提供保护的能力的担忧。我们研究了海洋酸化和温度升高对经济上重要的食用贻贝贻贝贝壳形成的影响。壳生长和厚度沿着与壳厚度指数和形状分析进行了测定。在海水酸化和温度升高（380、550、750、1000 μ atmpCO2和750、1000 μ atmpCO2 + 2°C）的条件下，对9个月后的美味贻贝进行了实验性培养，以评估其产生功能性保护壳的能力。与在环境条件下（380 μatm pCO2）生长的贝壳相比，在海洋酸化条件下生长的贝壳文石厚度、贝壳厚度指数和贝壳形状（750、1000 μatm pCO2）显著减小。海洋酸化导致圆，更平坦的贻贝贝壳与较薄的文石层可能更容易在不断变化的环境和捕食破裂。这里提出的形状变化可以提供一种补偿机制，以加强对捕食者的保护，并在海洋酸化的情况下改变环境，因为贻贝无法长出更厚的壳。在这里，我们提出了第一次评估贻贝壳形状，以确定海洋酸化下的功能保护的影响。
Ocean acidification threatens organisms that produce calcium carbonate shells by potentially generating an under‐saturated carbonate environment. Resultant reduced calcification and growth, and subsequent dissolution of exoskeletons, would raise concerns over the ability of the shell to provide protection for the marine organism under ocean acidification and increased temperatures. We examined the impact of combined ocean acidification and temperature increase on shell formation of the economically important edible mussel Mytilus edulis. Shell growth and thickness along with a shell thickness index and shape analysis were determined. The ability of M. edulis to produce a functional protective shell after 9 months of experimental culture under ocean acidification and increasing temperatures (380, 550, 750, 1000 μatm pCO 2, and 750, 1000 μatm pCO 2 + 2°C) was assessed. Mussel shells grown under ocean acidification conditions displayed significant reductions in shell aragonite thickness, shell thickness index, and changes to shell shape (750, 1000 μatm pCO 2) compared to those shells grown under ambient conditions (380 μatm pCO 2). Ocean acidification resulted in rounder, flatter mussel shells with thinner aragonite layers likely to be more vulnerable to fracture under changing environments and predation. The changes in shape presented here could present a compensatory mechanism to enhance protection against predators and changing environments under ocean acidification when mussels are unable to grow thicker shells. Here, we present the first assessment of mussel shell shape to determine implications for functional protection under ocean acidification.